Izinhlamvu ezibomvu ezigcwele ngokugcwele (ama-arili) namagceke ahlukaniswa yi-pith emhlophe engadli. Lezi zimvulo ziqukethe insimu e-angular ezungezwe i-pulp edlayo, eveza i-sweetly acid, ijusi elibomvu.
Amapomegranati akhule ezindaweni ezifudumele zasehlobo kodwa kufanele avikelwe ekushiseni kwelanga. Iveza izimbali ezizitshalo zokuvundisa izimbali ezintathu phakathi kukaSepthemba noNovemba. Lokhu kusho ukuthi izithelo zivuthwa esikhathini esithile futhi zizovunwa ngezikhathi ezintathu.
Ukukhiqizwa kwamahalananda kufanele kuqale emva kweminyaka emithathu futhi kungabalwa ngamathani angama-30 ehektheleni emithini evuthiwe (kusukela eminyakeni eyisithupha kuya phezulu), kodwa kuye kwavunwa amathani angu-42 ngehektare. Izithelo zikhohliwe phansi futhi zihlelwe emva kokuvuna futhi zizothengiswa njengezithelo zonke noma zihanjiswe zibe yijusi, ama-arili kanye namafutha (ukusetshenziswa kwendawo) noma zithunyelwa njengezithelo ezintsha.
Izihlahla zamagomegranate ziyokhula futhi zikhiqize izithelo amashumi eminyaka ngakho kubalulekile ukuthi ngaphambi kokutshala, abalimi abasha bamapomegranate bakhetha i-cultivar engcono ezindaweni ezihlonishwayo, bathathe amasampula omhlabathi, bahlaziye ikhwalithi yamanzi, balungise inhlabathi ukuvumela ukungena okujulile nokufaka ukuchelela, uxwayisa uJorrie Mulder, umeluleki wezobuchwepheshe we-Pomegranate Producers Association (POMASA).
Umhlabathi Omuhle Womapomegranati
Ukulungiselela isayithi lokutshala amahalananda kubalulekile. Ukuphathwa kwenhlabathi okuphumelelayo ngaphambi kokutshala kuzosiza ekuthuthukiseni ivolumu. Ukujula kokukhula kwesitshalo kunquma inani kanye nekhwalithi yezimpande kanye nokukhula nokukhiqizwa kwesihlahla. Isibonelo, ukujula kwe-rooting kuzothinta ukuchelela - kokubili imvamisa (nini, kangaki) nevolumu (kungakanani amanzi ngesikhathi) samanzi.Igromegranate ingahlonywa ngempumelelo emhlabathini owodwa kodwa ikhetha umhlabathi pH of 5 - 7,5. Qala ngokulungiswa kwenhlabathi izinyanga ezine kuya kwezinhlanu ngaphambi kokutshala, njengokulungisa inhlabathi pH okungenani 5 nge-limestone bese ufaka i-phosphorus uma ukuhlolwa kwenhlabathi kubonisa lokho. Uma kudingeka, wehlisa umhlabathi pH ngokungeza isulfure. I-Gypsum ingabuye yengezwe ukuze ivuselele i-sodium eyengeziwe (Na) enhlabathini.
Kubalulekile ukuhlaziywa kwenhlabathi. Ukulinganisa kwamakhemikhali kanye nokwengezwa kwamaminerali kufanele kwenziwe ngemuva kokucwaninga ngokujulile umhlabathi uhlaziya imiphumela. Ngokufanayo, abalimi abasha bangase bafune ukwandisa impilo encane emhlabathini ngokufaka umquba omuhle lapho utshala, uma imiphumela ivumela lokhu kuhlanganisa.
Gwema amapomegranati akhula emhlabathini ongenakudliwa futhi enhlabathini enokuqukethwe okubumba okuphezulu njengoba lokhu kungase kuholele ekumpandeni kwezimpande.
Emhlabathini ongajulile, ukutholakala komthamo womhlabathi ngomuthi kuncane futhi isihlahla sithinteka kakhulu kwesomiso kanye nokungondleki. Inhlabathi ehlanganisiwe izokwenza ukuthi izimpande zingenele kanye nokungena kwe-oxygen, ukungena kwamanzi nokunyakaza kwamanzi emhlabathini.
Hlanganisa imigqa yezithelo yezithelo nezitshalo zokutshala ukukhanya kwelanga okuhle kanye nemifula enhle yomhlabathi. Ukuhlelwa enyakatho nenyakatho kuhle; isitshalo sithola inani elilinganayo lokukhanya kwelanga ezihlangothini zombili zomuthi emini.
Zama ukungatshali emathafeni angasenyakatho ukuze unciphise ukushisa kwelanga futhi ugweme izindawo ezibhekene neqhwa njengezindawo ezivulekile eziphansi.
Ukutshala Amahalananda
Ngokwesilinganiso, phakathi kwezihlahla ezingu-600 no-800 kufanele zitshalwe ngehektha ngalinye. Isikhala somuthi kufanele sibe kanje: okungenani u-5 m phakathi kwemigqa futhi okungenani u-2 m phakathi kwemithi elandelanayo.
Uma insimu yezithelo inabantu abaningi kakhulu, ukukhiqizwa kunciphisa, izithelo zibekwa phezulu kuphela kwezihlahla, ukubala umbala kuyinto empofu kanye nokungena kwezinto zokupuniza akusebenzi kahle.
Njengoba kwenziwa ukulungiswa kwenhlabathi efanele (isb. Ukukhwabanisa), inhlabathi kufanele ibe yilapho ikulungele ukutshala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imigqa yokunisela iyobe isifakiwe.
Abalimi bamapomegranate amasha banconywa kodwa izinto ezintsha zezitshalo (izimpande ezigxiliwe noma izihlahla ezigcotshwe) ezivela ezikhungweni ezihloniphekile kuphela. I-cuttings ethintekile isetshenziswe ngasekupheleni kwebusika noma ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, kodwa izihlahla ezigcwalayo zizokwenza kangcono uma zitshalwe ngesikhathi sehlobo noma entwasahlobo. Emva kokutshala, engeza imbokotshe ukuvimbela ukukhula kokhula futhi uchele ngokushesha ukuze uhlanganise umhlabathi futhi uvimbele izimpande zomile.
Kuye ngemiphumela yokuhlaziywa kwenhlabathi, cishe i-100 kg / ha i-nitrogen (N) inikezwa njalo ngonyaka. (Lesi yisilinganiso esiphelele futhi kufanele shintshwe ngokusho kwemiphumela yokuhlaziywa kwenhlabathi.)
Ukuhlaziywa kweLeaf kufanele kwenziwe ngonyaka. Lokhu kuzobonisa ukuthi kukhona ukuntuleka kokumbiwa kwamaminerali okukhona esitshalweni. Lokhu kungalungiswa nge-feliar feeds. Izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-Foliar ziyisixazululo sesikhathi esifushane. UJorrie uthi: "Isixazululo esihle kunazo zonke sokusweleka kwezakhi ezitshalweni ezitshalweni senza umhlabathi ube ngcono. Isicelo se-Foliar singabandakanya, i-foliar zinc (Zn) ngemuva kwezithelo ezibekwayo, i-boron (B) ngesikhatsi se-flowering ne-liquid kelp.
Kungase kudingeke futhi ukunciphisa i-nitrogen: i-phosphorus eduze nesithelo sokuvuthwa, ukuqinisekisa ukuthuthukiswa okuhle kombala nokuqoqwa ushukela emayini.
Thola iseluleko esivela kuchwepheshe wezinhlelo zomanyolo ezifanele kakhulu zamahalananda.
Ukunisela Amahalananda
Kubalulekile ukuthi ikhwalithi yamanzi ihlolwe futhi imigqa yokunisela ifakwe ngaphambi kokutshala.Naphezu kokuthandwa kwekhalnate emazingeni ashisayo futhi asomile, umuthi udinga ukuchelela ukukhiqizwa kwezithelo kwezentengiselwano. Izihlahla ziyokhula ngaphandle kwamanzi kodwa zizogxila kakhulu ukukhiqiza izithelo ezinkulu zezithelo eziphezulu.
Izivivinyo zokunisela Umkhandlu Wocwaningo Lwezolimo (ARC) ziphelile ngo-2018 kanye nemiphumela yokuqala yabonisa ukuthi ukuchelela okuncane kungaba nemiphumela engcono kune-drip irrigation.
Ukunisela ukuphuza angeke kuphakanyiswe njengoba izimbali zamapomegranate zithinteka kakhulu kumswakama. Isiqondiso esiphezulu sezimfuneko zamanzi zamapomegranati kungaba ngu-7 500 m3 / ha ngomnyaka ngamunye. Lokhu kufana nemvula eyi-750 mm.
Izidingo Zomanyolo Wamahalananda
Ithonya lokukhulelwa ngamahalananda lincane kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nezimo ezifana nesimo sezulu, ukuchelela kanye nokutshala okutshalayo. Noma kunjalo, amahalananda akhiqiza inani elikhulu lezinto eziphilayo futhi adinga izakhi ezithile ukuze zigcwalise futhi ziqhubeke nokukhiqiza.I-phosphorus ne-potassium zidinga kuphela ukusetshenziswa uma ukuhlaziywa komhlabathi noma kweqabunga kubonisa ukuntuleka. Enye yezinto ezincane ezivamile eziphakathi kwamapomegranati yi-zinc (Zn), eyaziwa ngokuthi i-yellowing yamaqabunga. Isicelo se-foliar Zn ngemuva kokusetha izithelo sinconywa.
Thola iseluleko sokwazisa uhlelo olufanele lomanyolo.
Translated by Nsika Khoza