Indlela Yekuphucula Kuvelela Kwemhlabatsi

Kuvelela kwemhlabatsi kuchazwa kuhlangana kwesihlabatsi, tintfo letincane temhlabatsi netintfo letincane telibumba.
Imihlabatsi yesihlaba inetinshwana letinkhulu, tinetinshwana letihhedlako letinkhulu-ngekuvelela phindze tiphatse emanti lamancane kanye nemanutrients lambalwa. Ngakulelelinye lihlangotsi le spectrum kunemihlabatsi yelibumbba lelinetinshwana letincane. Imihlabatsi yelibumba ivame kusindza, ibamba emanti futsi kulukhuni kuwugucula, kepha ingaba nemanutrients-lavutsiwe. Emkhatsini wemihlabatsi yesihlaba nelibumba ngulokuhlanganisiwe wesihlaba-lesimantana-lesilibumba, silungele kukhicitwa kwenhlanyelo kakhulu.
Kuyanconywa kutsi kukhetfwe inhlanyelo lelungele lenhlobo yemhlaba wakho. Fana nekutsi, tihlahla, timbali, sipinachi, ibeetroot, anyanisi naletinye tinhlavu letingakhula kumhlaba welibumba ibe inhlanyelo lefana neticadzi, emaradishes, emazambane, ematamatisi nemmbila kucolela umhlabatsi wematje lomelula.
Balimi labambalwa labanalenhlobo yalomhlabatsi. Incumbi yebalimi bayasokola ngemihlabatsi lenematje lamancane leyomile nalengakavundzi noma lekhunga emanti kanye nemihlabatsi yelibumba lelisindzako. Ngenhlanhla leyo, kukhona tindlela tekutfutfukisa kuvelela kwemhlaba nekwakhiwa kwawo, imvamisa ngekungeta tintfo letite emakhemikhali ngendlela yamanyolo nekumbonywa kwenhlanyelo.

Indlela Yekuphucula Imihlabatsi Yematje Lamancane

Kuphucula umhlabatsi wematje lamancane, lomhlabatsi udzinga kukhona kubamba emanutrients lamaningi. Labanye balimi basebentisa lutfuli lwemalahle noma ‘ibiochar’. Lesisitaputapu sibamba emanutrients bese kancane siyawakhulula angene emhlabatsini. Kuhlanganiswa nalomusha kanye nalomantana manyolo wetilwane bese kuyekelwa emaviki lamabili kuya kulamatsatfu. ‘iBiochar’ ingaphindze ihlanganiswe namanyolo longemanti futsi ungashiywa emaviki lamabili kuya kulamatsatfu. Labanye balimi bengeta imihlabatsi lehlanganisiwe noma lutfuli lwematje lamakhulu (umakudzingeka) kulelitfuli lwemalahle ngaphambi kwekulifaka kulomhlaba.
Kusebentisa manyolo longumcuba emihlabatsini lenematje lamancane kungakhokha emanutrients ngendlela lemelula-yekukhulula. Faka tintfo letincane kakhulu noma kaningi, kunekutsi ufake lokuningi ngesikhatsi. Kuyabukwa kutsi kugutjwe manyolo ungene kakhulu kulomhlaba lonematje lamancane kunekutsi ushiywe ngetulu kwemhlaba. Nomakunjalo, kusebentisa tibhidvo noma tjani wekuvala ngekutulu kwemhlaba kungavikela emanti lajika abengugesi phindze kunciphise kugedvuka kwemhlaba.
Vikelaa kutsi kungadliwa kakhulu emhlabeni wematje lamancane. Ungamane ujube kudla kwetilwane bese ukumikisa endzaweni yekudlela.

Indlela Yekutfutfukisa Umhlaba weLibumba

©Jason Miller (USDA National Resources Conservation Service)

Umhlaba welibumba uvame kuvundza kahle ngemanutrients, kepha umangabe le pH yemhlaba iphakeme kakhulu noma iphansi, emanutrients angeke abesesigabeni lesikahle kwentela kutsi timphandze tetitjalo tibambe noma tidvonse kahle. Kushiyane ngenhlanyelo yakho, umangabe ipH ingaphansi kwa 6 kuya ku esidi leningi kakhulu – nciphisa noma yehlisa nge gypsum noma ilime lekulinywa ngayo. ipH yemhlaba lengetulu kwa 7.5 ingehliswa nge esidi yemhlaba.
Kutfutfukisa kudvonseka kwemanti kusuka kumhlaba welibumba, lungisa imibhedze yekuhlanyelela kiyo.
Faka tintfo letiningi letite emakhemikhali letifana nenhlanyelo noma titjalo letisele, emacembe, tjani lobujutjiwe kanye namanyolo lobolile. Hhayi ngaloku kuphela yengeta emanutrients kulomhlaba, kepha kutophindze kusite kuhlukanisa lesisindvo sekwakhiwa kwemhlabatsi. Kuhlanyela titjalo letimbonywako kungaphindze kusite ekutfutfukiseni lokwakhiwa kwemhlabatsi welibumba.

Manyolo weTilwane ne Kuvelela kweMhlabatsi

Tibungutemhlaba tiyasita ngekwakheka kwemhlabatsi ngekutsi kuhlanganiswe tintfo letite emakhemikhali netinshwana letincane temhlabatsi. Tiphindze tidle tintfo letincane temhlabatsi, tikubophe kube tintfo letincane-letimile bese kususa loku njengetibungutemhlaba letisusiwe. Lo ‘manyolo wetibungutemhlaba’ uphindze ubitwe nge vermicast.
Manyolo wetilwane lobole-kahle lochamuka emahhashini, etinkhomeni nasetilwaneni tekufuywa nguwona umhlaba lowatiwako losetjentiswa ekutfutfukiseni kuvelela kwemhlaba kanye nelizinga. Uma kudzingeka, khetsa bomanyolo kwentela sitjalo lesitsite. Manyolo welihhashi ivutsiwe ngemanutrients laphansi futsi ulungele kukhulisa tibhidvo ngekushesha, letifana ne broccoli, icauliflower ne lettuce.
Manyolo wetinkhomo uphakeme ngenitrogen futsi usetjentiselwa emacembe laluhlata ladzinga emanitrogen lamaningi lafana nespinach ne lettuce.
Manyolo wetilwane tekufuywa letifana netinyoni noma tinkhukhu umcoka kakhulu futsi uphakeme ngenitrogen. Ulungele kuhlanganisa kumhlaba wematje lamancane kwentela kutfutfukisa bumantana futsi ukahle kumacembe laluhlata.

Translated by Phindile Malotana