Ukuphatheka kwehlabathi kuya ngehlanganisela yesanda, idaka kanye ne-silt.
Ihlabathi eyisanda ineziqa, ifeyini begodu ibamba ihlabathi kanye nezakhimzimba ezimbalwa. Kwelinye ihlangothi ihlabathi elidaka inamatje alidaka amancani. Ihlabathi eyidaka ivamise ukuba budisi, izale amanzi begodu kubebudisi ukuyipeta, kodwana izele izakhimziba. Hlangana kwehlabathi eyisanda nelidaka kunehlanganisela yehlabathi embovu esadaka, efaneleka kobana kungakhiqizwa ngayo iintjalo.
Kuphakanyiswa kobana ukhethe iintjalo ezifanelana nomhlobakho wehlabathi. Isibonelo, imithi, ama-rose, ispinatjhi, ibhidrudi, i-anyisi kanye nemphila ziba zihle ehlabathini elidaka lokha iintjalo ezifana nomhlwaza, amazambani, amatamati kanye nesphila zithanda ihlabathi eyisanda elula.
Abalimi abatjha abambalwa banomhlobo wehlabathi abawuthandako. Abalimi abanengi batlhagiswa yihlabathi eyomileko engasiyihle begodu engakavundi eyisanda nanyana nanyana ezele amanzi nehlabathi elidaka. Ngebhadi, kunendlela zokwenza ngcono ihlabathi kanye nokwakheka kwayo, eskhathini esinengi ngokungezelela i-organic matter emumanyoro kanye nentjalo ezivala ihlabathi.
Uyenza Ngcono njani Ihlabathi Eyisanda
Ukwenza ngcono ihlabathi eyisanda,ihlabathi itlhoga ukwazi bona ibambe izakhimzimba.Abanye abafuyi basebenzisa amalahle ithuli nanyana i-‘biochar’. Into le idosa izakhimzimba buthaka izikhiphele ehlabathini. Ihlanganiswa nomanyoro ofretjhi kanye nomanyoro wenlwane othambileko kutjhiywe iimveke eziyi-2-3. I-‘Biochar’ ingahlanganiswa nomanyoro wamanzi begodu kufanele nayo itjhiywe iimveke eziyi-2-3. Abanye abalimi bahlanganisa ihlabathi, amagciwani nanyana nethuli lamatje (nange kutlhogakala) bazifake ethulini lomlotha ngaphambi kobana bazifake ehlabathini.
Ukusetjenziswa kwekompowusti emanyoro ehlabathini eyisanda ingafaka izakhimzimba ngokuzikhipha kancani kancani. Faka umanyoro kancani kancani, kunokobana ufake khulu ngeskhathi sinye. Kuphakanyiswa kobana kwenziwe umanyoro utjhingele ungene ehlabathini eyisanda ungawutjhiyi ngaphezulu. Nanyana kunjalo, ukusebenzisa izinto ezivala ihlabathi kungakhandela ukuphela kwamanzi kuphungule ukuthathwa kwehlabathi mumoya.
Ukukhandela kobana utjani bungawadlilwa khulu yifuyo ehlabathini eyisanda. Kungcono ususe utjani ubufake lapha zidlela khona.
Uyenza njani Ngcono Ihlabathi Elidaka
Ihlabathi elidaka ivamise ukuzala izakhimzimba, kodwana nange i-pH yehlabathi iphasi khulu nanyana iphezulu khulu, izakhimzimba ngeze zarhona kobana zingenelele ehlabathini.Okuya ngokobana mhlobo bani wentjalo, nange i-pH ingaphasi kwaka-6, ine asidi enengi yifake i-gypsym nanyana i-lime yezolimo. I-pH engaphezulu kwaka -7.5 ingehliswa nge-sulphur yehlabathi.
Ukwenza kobana ihlabathi elidaka iphume amanzi ngcono, lungisa imibhede yentjalo ephakamileko.
Hlanganisa i-organic matter enengi efana nensalela zentjalo, amakari, utjani obusikiweko kanye nomanyoro obolileko. Lokhu ngeze kungezelele kwaphela izakhimzimba ehlabathini elidaka, kodwana kuzokurhelebha kobana uphule makhiwo wehlabathi. Ukutjala iintjalo ezivala ihlabathi kungarhelebha ukwenza ngcono umakhiwo wehlabathi elidaka.
Ukuphatheka Kwehlabathi Kanye Nomanyoro Wenlwane
Imbungu zehlabathini zirhelebha ukwakha ihlabathi ngokuhlanganisa i-organic matter. Zidla nezinye izinto ezisehlabathini. Iimbungu ezihlala ehlabathini zibizwa bona yi-vermicast.
Umanyoro wenlwane obole kuhle obuya empereni, eenkomeni kanye nenkukhwini ngosebenza khulu ukwenza ngcono umakhiwo wehlabathi kanye nekhwalithi yayo. Nange kurhonakala, khetha umanyoro uwukhethele iintjalo ezithize.
Umanyoro wempera uzele izakhimzimba begodu ufaneleka ukuzetjenziswa eentjalweni ezikhula msinya, ezifana ne-broccoli,cauliflower kanye nelethisi.
Umanyoro wenkomo uzele i-nitrogeni begodu usetjenziswa eentjalweni ezihlaza ezitlhoga i-nitrogen efana ne-spinach kanye ne-lettuce.
Umanyoro wenkukhu uzele i-nitrogen. Muhle nawuhlanganiswa nehlabathi eyisanda ukwenza ncono ukubambeka kobuswe eentjalweni ezimakari.
Translated by Busisiwe Skhosana