Amakhowe lawa anuka kamnandi wangaphasi abiza imali enengi eendaweni zokudla. Atholakala emahlathini hlangana nemirabho yemihlobo yemithi ethileko, ama-truffles angalinywa begodu adinga amazinga womtjhiso amakhaza kunye ne-alkaline, nemihlobo yehlabathi ekghona ukumunya amanzi kuhle.
Khuyini I-Truffle?
Ama-truffles ziinthelo zama-mycorrhizal fungi wangaphasi atholakala eduze nemirabho yemithi ethileko, efana ne-owuki, i-poplar kunye nemithi ye-pine. Ngokungafani namanye amakhowe anjenge-button mushroom (umhlobo we-Agaricus) okhula phezulu kwevundela, i-truffle yakha ubudlelwano obunetswayo nemirabho yemithi.
Ama-truffles akafani namakhowe nawuwaqalilleko kodwana aqaleka arondo, anamafotho nofana angasuthi mamatje aqaleka anamathosi anombala ozotho okhanyako, nofana ozotho khulu nofana umbala onzima.
Ama-truffles anuka kamnandi anomnukwana we-tjhizi, igaligi, kwesinye siikhathi i-musk, amandongomani nofana iinthelo, kuya ngomhlobo loyo. Umnuko lona uzwiwa zizinja ezibandulelwe ukunukelela zidosele loyo ozidosako lapho ekuzokugujwa khona ama-truffles.
Imihlobo Yama-Truffles
Kunemihlobo engaphezulu kuka-40 yama-truffle, kodwama ambalwa athengiswa emamakethe begodu amanye atholakala ehlathini kwaphela. Ama-truffles amabili athathelwa phezulu khulu ma-white and black truffles. Ama-white truffles (Tuber magnatum) abuye aziwe njenge-Alba truffle begodu atholakala endaweni enegama lelo. Ama-white truffle akatholakali lula begodu adura khulu ukudlula woke ama-truffles.
Ama-black truffles webusika (Tuber melanosporum) amila koke e-Western Europe begodu khulukhulu ne-Périgord esendaweni ye-France, esikhathini esinengi ibizwa nge-Périgord truffle. Anomnuko ozwakala khulu ukudlula wama-white truffle.
Amanye ama-truffle alinywako (ngaphandle kwama-white and black truffle) afakahlangana ama-Winter truffle (Tuber brumale), ama-Summer truffle (Tuber aestivum var. aestivum), ama-Burgundy truffle (Tuber aestivum var. uncinatum), kunye nama-Oregon black nama-white truffles. Ama-Oregon truffles womabili atholakala bekalinywa e-USA begodu anomnambitheko omnandi we-trophika newe-strawberry. Ama-Oregon truffles avanganiswa nezehliso.
E-Sewula Afrika, ama-Périgord truffle (ama-winter black truffle) akhiqizwa khulu, kodwana abanye abalimi bama-truffle bakhetha ukulima ama-Tuber aestivum kunye ne-Tuber brumale. I-Aestivum yi-truffle yehlobo bese i-Brumale ngenye i-truffle yebusika.
Iinarha Ezikhiqiza Ama-Truffle
Ngonobangela wokudingeka kwama-truffles, kunefihlo enengi emayelana nokukhiqizwa kwama-truffle ephasini. Kubalwa bona inarha ye-Spain ikhamba phambili ekukhiqizeni ama-truffle angafika ku-60 yamathani (ngo-2008) ilandelwe yinarha ye-Italy (30 yamathani) kunye ne-France. Kusukela ngo-1999, umkhiqizo we-truffle e-Australia wakhula bewalingana newe-France.
Abakhiqizi be-truffle abanye be-southern hemisphere yi-New Zealand, Tasmania, Chile kunye neSewula Afrika.
Translated by Busisiwe Skhosana