Swikowa leswi swa aroma leswi milaka ehansi ka misava swa durha swinene e mavhengeleni lawa ya xavisaka swakudya. Swikumeka enhoveni laha kungana timintsu ta misinya yokarhi, ti truffles tinga tlhela ti rimiwa naswona leswi swilava maxelo yo titimela na misava ya alkaline, leyi tswongaka kahle mati.
Xana Iyini ti Truffle
Ti truffles hi tona mihandzu yati mycorrhizal fungi tale hansi ka misava leti kumekaka ekusuhi na timintsu ta misinya ya mixaka yokarhi, kufana na oak, poplar na misinya ya pine. Kunga fani na swikowa swin’wana kufana na button mushroom (Agaricus species) leswi milaka ehenhla ka manyoro, ti truffle ti endla vuxaka byo hlawuleka na timintsu ta misinya.
Ti truffles ati fani na swikowa kambe ti languteka tiri ta xirhendzevutani, tiva na dimple kumbe kufana nyana na maribye na muhlovo wa beige/buraweni wo vangama, buraweni wo dzwihala kumbe ntima.
Ti truffles tina nuhelo wo enta wa misava wa aroma lowu fambelanaka na cheese, garlic, minkarhi yin’wana musk, timanga kumbe muhandzu, kuya hi muxaka wa tona. Nuhelo lowu wa aroma wukumiwa hi timbyana letinga leteriwa ku nuhetela letingata yisa n’winyi watona laha ti truffles tinga ceriwaka kona.
Tinxaka ta ti Truffles
Kuna kutlula 40 wa tinxaka tati truffles, kambe kuna tintsongo swinene letingana nkoka wo xavisiwa naswona tin’wana tikumeka ntsena e nhoveni. Tinxaka timbirhi ntsena leti tekeriwaka enhlokweni tati truffles hileti ta ntima nato basa. Ti truffle to basa (Tuber magnatum) titlhela titiveka tani hi Alba truffle naswona tikumeka eka ndzhawu ya vito rero. Ti truffle tobasa takala swinene naswona hitona leti durhaka swinene eka tinxaka hinkwato ta ti truffles.
Muxaka wa winter black truffle (Tuber melanosporum) wu mila eka tindzhawu hinkwato tale Western Europe naswona ngopfu ngopfu endzhawini ya Périgord e tikweni ra France, naswona titala ku vuriwa Périgord truffle. Tina nuhelo wo enta swinene wa aroma kutlula ti truffle leti tobasa.
Tin’wana ti truffles leti rimiwaka (ehandle ka leti tobasa na tantima) tikatsa Winter truffle (Tuber brumale), Summer truffle (Tuber aestivum var. aestivum), Burgundy truffle (Tuber aestivum var. uncinatum), xikan’we na Oregon black na white truffles. Tinxaka timbirhi ta Oregon truffles ti kumeka xikan’we naku byariwa e USA naswona tina minantswo ya tropical na nuhelo wati strawberry. Ti Oregon truffles titala ku hlanganisiwa nati desserts.
E Afrika Dzonga, ti Périgord truffle (winter black truffle) ti humelerisiwa hi xitalo, kambe van’wamapurasi van’wana vati truffle va teke xiboho xaku byala muxaka wa Tuber aestivum na Tuber brumale. Aestivum i muxaka wa summer truffle kasi Brumale i muxaka wun’wana wa winter truffle.
Matiko Lawa ya Humelerisaka ti Truffle
Hikokwalaho ka nkoka lowukulu wati truffles, kuna xihundla xikulu eka vuhumeleriis byati truffle e misaveni hinkwayo. Ku ehleketeleriwa leswaku tiko ra Spain sweswi hirona rifambaka emahlweni hi vuhumelerisi byati truffle laha kunga pimiwa kwalomu ka 60 tonnes (hi 2018) ku landzela tiko ra Italy (30 tonnes) na France. Kusukela hi 1999, vuhumelerisi bya tiko ra Australia byati truffle byi tlakukile hinhlayo leyi fanaka na tiko ra France.
Vahumelerisi van’wana vale southern hemisphere vati truffle i tiko ra New Zealand, Tasmania, Chile na Afrika Dzonga.
Translated by Ike Ngobeni