Lawa 'amakhowe' omnandi angaphansi komhlaba abaluleke kakhulu kumibuthano yokudlela enhle. Kutholakala endle phakathi kwezimpande zezinhlobo ezithile zezihlahla, ama-truffles nawo angatshalwa futhi adinga isimo sezulu esibandayo ne-alkaline, izinhlobo zomhlabathi ezihanjiswa kahle.
Yini I-Truffle
Amafutha ayizidumbu zezithelo zesikhunta se-mycorrhizal ezingaphansi komhlaba ezitholakala eduze nezimpande zezihlahla ezithile, njenge-oki, popula nesihlahla sikaphayini. Ngokungafani namanye amakhowe anjenge-inkinobho yenkomo (uhlobo lwe-Agaricus) olukhula kwisakhi somquba, i-truffle yakha ubuhlobo bezimpawu nezimpande zezihlahla.
Ama-Truffles awabukeki njengamakhowe kodwa abukeka njengamatshe ayindilinga, acwengekile noma amancanyana afana ne-beige / ne-light brown, ne-dark brown noma umbala omnyama.
Ama-Truffles anephunga elinamandla lomhlaba elinamacebiso ushizi, ugalikhi, kwesinye isikhathi umask, amantongomane noma izithelo, kuya ngohlobo. Leli phunga litholwa izinja ezihlafunwayo eziholela ekuphathweni kwalo lapho kungabiwa khona ama-truffles.
Izinhlobo Zama-Truffles
Kunezinhlobo zezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwama-40 zemikhawulo, kepha ezimbalwa nje zinenani lemakethe kanti ezinye zitholakala endle. Ama-truffles amabili abaluleke kakhulu angama-truffles amhlophe namnyama. I-truffle emhlophe (iTuber magnatum) yaziwa nangokuthi i-Alba truffle futhi itholakala esifundeni salelo gama. I-truffle emhlophe ayivelakancane futhi ibiza kakhulu kunayo yonke ama-truffles.
I-truffle emnyama yasebusika (iTuber melanosporum) ikhula kulo lonke elaseNtshonalanga Yurophu futhi ikakhulukazi esifundeni sasePérigord eFrance, futhi ivame ukubizwa ngokuthi yiPérigord truffle. Inephunga elibukhali kakhulu kune-truffle emhlophe.
Amanye ama-truffles atshaliwe (ngaphandle kwe-truffle emhlophe nomnyama) afaka i-Winter truffle (i-Tuber brumale), i-Summer truffle (Tuber a festivalum var. A festivalum), iBurgundy truffle (Tuber a festivalum var. Uncinatum), kanye ne-Oregon emnyama nemhlophe truffle. Ama-truffles amabili e-Oregon atholakala futhi atshalwa e-USA futhi anambitheka obumnandi obufudumele ngamanothi we-sitrobheli. Ama-truffles e-Oregon avame ukuhlanganiswa nama-dessert.
E-Ningizimu Afrika, i-Périgord truffle (ubusika obumnyama bensimbi) ikhiqizwa kakhulu, kepha abanye abalimi abanohlonze bathathe isinqumo ngeTuber a festivalum neTuber brumale. I-Aumum i-truffle ehlobo futhi i-Brumale ingenye into ebusika ebusika.
Amazwe Akhiqiza Ama-Truffle
Ngenxa yenani elikhulu le-truffles, imfihlo eminingi ezungeze ukukhiqizwa kwe-truffle emhlabeni. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi iSpain manje ihola ukukhiqizwa kwe-truffle ngamathani angama-60 (ngonyaka we-2018) elandelwa yi-Italy (amathani angama-30) neFrance. Kusukela ngo-1999, ukukhiqizwa kwe-truffle yase-Australia kwakhula kwaya kufana neFrance.
Abanye abakhiqizi be-hemisphere truffle yaseningizimu yiNew Zealand, Tasmania, Chile neNingizimu Afrika.
Translated by Nsika Khoza