Ukukhula kwelwazi ngokuqakathela kwehlabathi ephilileko kulethe umphumela wokukhula kwenani labalimi abasebenzisa iindlela zokutlhogomela zelimo. Isenzwesi sakhelwe ziinsekelo ezithathu, ezibizwa nge-minimum tillage, ukuvala iinthelo nokutjhintjhatjhintjha indawo yokutjala.
I-Minimum Tillage
Ukutlhogomela nofana i-minimum tillage yathulwa e-USA eendaweni ezinengi ngeminyaka yabo 1970s begodu kusukela lapho yasabalaliselwa kwezinye iinarha zangaphandle, kufakahlanga iSewula Afrika. Nge-conventional tillage, ihlabathi ingahlawulwa, idatjulwe, okuphazamisa indlela ihlabathi engayo begodu ngemva kwesikhathi irholela ekutheni ihlabathi irhurhuleke. Inomthelela omumbi emanzini akgona ukubanjwa yihlabathi begodu ihlotjaniswa nanokona ama-organisms alisizo ehlabathini.
Nge-conservation tillage, ihlabathi iphazanyiswa kancani khulu. Lokha nakutjalwako, i-conservation tine ekhethekileko nofana ama-disk planters angeze anghwara nofana asike ihlabathi esemarhemweni wokutjala ngokuya kokutjhingela okutlhogekako. Ukutjala nokuthela iimvundisi kungenziwa kanyekanye.
Ukubalekela ukurhurhuleka kwehlabathi, abalimi abatlhogomelako basebenzisa ezinye iindlela ezifana nokusebenzisa itheknoloji yama-GPS ukwenza isiqiniseko sokobana zoke iinsetjenziswa ezisetjenziswa ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza, qobe nyaka, zihlala zikhamba eendleleni ezifanako ehlabathini. Ukungasabenzisi i-tillage kuyindela edluleleko ye-minimum tillage, lapho umuda odege wenziwe khona ehlabathini ekuzokufakwa khona imbewu neemvundisi.
Ukuvala Iinthelo
Abalimi ekadeni bebatjhisa emaplasini wabo ngemva kokuvuna ukususa ikhula. Abalimi abatlhogomelako abatjhisi inarha/amaplasi wabo, kodwana balisa iintshutshuru zeenthelo ehlabathini, okusisenzo esibizwa nge-stubble retention. I-stubble retention ineenzunzo ezahlukahlukeneko. Inga:
Thambisa ukurhurhuleka komoya namanzi
Ngezelela ikghono lehlabathi lokubamba nokungenelela amanzi
Yehlise ukurhwamuka
Ngezelela i-organic matter ehlabathini
Vikele ama-organisms wehlabathi emazingeni womtjhiso adluleleko
Sebenze njengendawo yokuhlala nokudla beyinikele nokudla kuma-organisms ayinzuzo
Ukutjhinthjwatjhinthjwa Kwendawo Yokutjala
Kunokobana kuhlale kutjalwa isithelo sinye endaweni eyodwa unyaka nonyaka, abalimi abatlhogomelako besebenzisa ihlelo lokutjhentjhatjhentjha indawo yokutjala. Bahlolisisa iinthelo ezahlukahlukeneko ezingafanelwa kukhiqizwa endaweni ebakhiqiza kiyo ibese batjhintjhatjhintjha iinthelwezi ngokutjala ezinye.
Isibonelo, e-Western Cape iinthelo ezifana nekoroyi, i-canola, ibhali, ama-lupines, iinhlahla, kunye ne-lucerne ziimbonelo zeenthelo ezingafakwa ehlelweni lokutjhintjhatjhintjha iintjalo nendawo ezitjalwa kiyo. Okuqakathekileko akusikutjala iinthelo ezithatha unyaka ukuvuthwa ezibuya emundenini owodwa endaweni yinye ukudlula iminyaka emibili. Ihlelo lokutjhintjhatjhintjha indawo akusikobana ngilo kwaphela eliqakathekileko, kodwana lingaqalwa njengendlela engarhelebha ukulawula. Abalimi bangalisebenzisa lokha nabalidingako, isibonelo, lingasetjenziswa lokha nakuqubuka imiraro yamalwelwe nofana ikhula.
Igondelo lekutjhintjhatjhintjha indawo yokutjala kukuqeda ukuqubuka kwamalwelwe ahlala aquba ngasosoke isikhathi lokha nakuhlala kutjalwa isitjalo sinye endaweni eyodwa qobe nyaka. Ama-organisms namalwelwe athindana neenthelo ezithileko, ngalokho lokha nawutjala iinthelo lezo kwaphela kuzobanomphumela wokobana ama-organisms layo abemanengi. Ngokutjala okhunye, ama-organisms azokusala angasanamthombo wokudla, okuzokwenza bona izinga lawo lehle.
Ukutjhintjhwatjhintjhwa kwendawo yokutjala iinthelo kuvumela abalimi bona basebenzise ama-herbicides amanengi ahlukahlukeneko ukulawula imiraro yekhula, okurhelebha ngokuvikela ukukhula kokungavumi ama-herbicides. Isibonelo, ama-herbicides wotjani akukafaneli asetjenziswe lokha ikoroyi nayitjaliweko njengombana izokubulala ikoroyi. Abalimi, bangasebenzisa ama-herbicides wotjani lokha iinthelo zamakari amakhulu zitjaliwe. Ngokufanako nama-herbicides wamakari amakhulu. Angeze isetjenziswe eenthelweni zamakari amakhulu, kodwana ingasetjenziswa ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza ikoroyi.
Nawusebenzisa ama-herbicides ngasosoke isikhathi landela imilayelo begodu utjhintjhatjhintjhe imikhiqizo neenthako ezikhona ukuvikela ukwaliwa kwama-herbicides.
Translated by Busisiwe Prudance Skhosana