Ulimo olu Londolozwayo kunye ne Mveliso ye Ngqolowa

© Glenneis Kriel

Ukukhula kolwazi ngokubaluleka komhlaba osempilweni ochumileyo kwenze inani lamafama asebenzisa indlela yokulima elondolozwayo likhule. Lendlela iphantsi kwentsika ezintathu ezi: ukukhofola kancinci, ukogquma isivuno kunye nojikeleziso lwesivuno.

Ukukhofola Kancinci

©Glenneis Kriel
Ukulondoloza okanye ukukhofola kancinci kwaziswa e-USA ngamandla ngeminyaka engama 1970 ukususela ngoko yathi yanda nakumanye amazwe, kuquka uMzantsi Afrika. ukukhofola kuqhelekileyo, umhlaba uyakhofolwa, ufakwe iteletele okanye kususwe ikhula, okuke kuphazamisa ubume bomhlaba kwaye exesheni kwenze ixabiso lomhlaba lehle. Inegalelo elibi emanzini omhlaba nokubambelela kwawo kwaye ichapazeleka ekutshabalaliseni iintsholongwane eziwuncedayo umhlaba.
Ukukhofola ngokulondoloza, umhlaba awuphazamiseki kakhulu. Ngexesha lokutyala, indlela ekhethekileyo yokulondoloza okanye iteletele zizaku krwela okanye zisike umhlaba kumqolo wokutyala ube bubunzulu obufunekayo. Ukutyala nokuchumisa umhlaba kungenziwa ngaxeshanye.
Ukuthintela ukonakala, amafama azimiseleyo afuna ukulondoloza azakuthabatha inyathelo elongezelekileyo asebenzise ubuchwepheshe be GPS ukuqinisekisa okokuba zonke izixhobo ezisetyenziswe ngexesha lemveliso, unyaka ngamnye, zihamba kumhlaba okanye umqolo omnye emhlabeni. Ukungakhofoli yeyona ndlela inkulu yokunciphisa ukukhofola, apho kwenziwa khona indlela emxinwa kumgquba emhlabeni apho imbewu nesichumisi zibekwe khona.

Isivuno Sokogquma

©Roger de la Harpe
Amafama kwakudala ayewutshisa umhlaba emveni kokuvuna ukutshabalalisa ukhula. Amafama alondolozayo awayitshisi imihlaba yawo, kodwa ashiya iintsalela zesivuno sawo emasimini, oku kubizwa ngokuba yi ‘stubble retention’. Oku kune nzuzo ezohlukileyo. Inganceda uku:
Ukukhusela emoyeni nokuphelisa amanzi.
Ukongeza ukungenelela kwamanzi emhlabeni nokubamba amanzi emhlabeni.
Yehlisa inkungu/okanye umsi wayo.
Yandisa ukuchuma komhlaba.
Ukukhusela umhlaba kwimeko zezulu eziyingozi.
Ibeyindawo yokugcina kunye nokutya kwentsolongwane ezinceda izityalo.

Ujikeleziso lwe Sivuno

Endaweni yokulima isivuno esinye endaweni enye iminyaka le, amafama alondolozayo asebenzisa ukujikeleziswa kwezityalo. Baya hlola iintlobo zesivuno ezahlukileyo ezilungele imveliso kwindawo yazo yemveliso ze ajikelezise ezizivuno ngezinye.
Umzekelo, kwelase Ntshona Koloni izivuno ezifana ne ngqolowa, canola, barley, lupines, medics kunye ne Lucerne yimizekelo yezivuno ezingathi ziqukwe kuhlelo lokujikelezisa izityalo. Eyona nto ingundoqo kukungatyali isityalo sonyaka esisuka kusapho olunye lwesivuno kumhlaba omnye ukogqitha iminyaka emibini. Uhlelo lokujikeleziswa kwezityalo alukho lula kodwa ke kufuneka libonwe njenge ndlela yolawulo eluncedo. Amafama angayilandela lendlela xa kukho isidingo, umzekelo xa ukhula okanye ingxaki yezifo ifika.
Injongo yokujikeleziswa kwezityalo kukuqhawulo uhlelo lwezifo oludityaniswa nokutyala isityalo esinye kwindawo enye iminyaka emininzi. Iintlobo zentsholongwane nezifo zidityaniswa nentlobo zezivuo ezithile, xa utyala ezizityalo kuphela oko kuzakwenza kukhule zintsholongwane. Ngokutyala enye into ezintsholongwane zizakuba ngaphandle kokutya, oku kuzakuzenza zife okanye ziphele.
Ujikeleziso lwezityalo luvumela amafama okokuba asebenzise iintlobo zokuthintela izinambuzane ukugcina iingxaki zokhula kude, oko kunceda kuthintelo lokuba iyeza lokulwa nezinambuzane zilinyamezele. Izithinteli zinambuzane kunye nengca, azikwazi ukusetyenziswa xa ingqolowa ityaliwe kuba oko kuzakutshabalalisa ingqolowa. Amafama ke angasebenzisa ezizithinteli zezinambuzane engceni xa kutyalwa izivuno ezinamagqabi amade. Ngokufanayo, kwizintinteli ze zinambuzane naku magqabi amade. Ayikwazi ukusetyenziswa kwisivuno esinamagqabi amade, kodwa ingasetyenziswa ngexesha lemveliso ye ngqolowa.
Xa usebenzisa izithinteli zezinambuzane eziluma izitylao, landela imiqathango rhoqo utshintshe iintlobo zezithinteli ezinentlobo ezincedayo ezohlukileyo ukuze izinambuza zinganyamezeli zihlale.

Translated by Zikhona Plaatjie