Ngaphandle kwamafutha we-hemp asetjenziswa eentweni ezithengiswa emabubulweni ezifana nama-agents wokomisa atholakala ngependeni, efana nevanitjhi kunye nesizeso, isitjalo se-hemp (Cannabis sativa) singasetjenziswa njengephepha, ukukhupha iintjhefu ezisehlabathini begodu nanjengomthombo weembaseli.
I-Hemp Njengephepha
Ukusetjenziswa kwe-hemp njengephepha kuthoma kusukela emandulo eminyakeni yabo 200-150 B.C. lokha e-China isenziwe i-hemp pulp ebumba amatjhidi adweni. Ngabo 7th century, imitjhini yokwenza amaphepha yakhiwa e-Middle East nenarheni ye-China. Ukusetjenziswa kwamaphepha enziwe nge-hemp kwasabalala ukuyela ngeenarheni ezingepumalanga. Amabhayibheli namanoveli wabatloli abafana nabo-Mark Twain aprintiwa ngamaphepha we-hemp begodu e-Russia i-hemp yayisetjenziselwa ukuprinta imali neentembu.
Iphepha lingenziwa ngama-bast fibres amade nofana i-pulp yomthiya efitjhani. Iphepha elenziwe ngemithiya emifitjhani edweni begodu limarhororhoro. Iphepha elenziwe nge-pulp yomthiya omafitjhani kungenzeka ungaqini khulu, kodwana kulula ukuwenza, uthambile begodu udege khudlwana bewufanele nokusetjenziswa malanga woke. Okhunye, i-hemp ayimorosi ibhoduluko njengombana i-hemp ithatha amalanga ayi 120 kwaphela ukukhula nawuqathanisa neminye imithi ethatha iminyaka ukukhula.
I-Hemp Njengesipontji Setjhefu
Iintjalo ze-hemp zingasetjenziswa ehlelweni lokubuyisela ihlabathi esimeni sayo ngokususa itjhefu ehlabathini ngengesipontji sokuhlwengisa. I-hemp yasetjenziswa ekususeni ama-radioactive agents kusukela phasi ngemva kwehlekelele yama-radioactive endaweni ye-Chernobyl e-Russia ngo1986.
Irhubhululo elingeneleleko ngo 2012 laveza godu bona i-hemp yamunya kuhle i-cadmium esehlabathini. I-cadmium mkhiqizo okhiqizwe ngemikhiqizo ekhutjhwe ma-fossil fuels. I-hemp ingahlwengisa itjhefu esehlabathini kufaka hlangana iinsimbi, iintjhabalalisi, amafutha angakahluzwa kunye netjhefu endaweni lapho ekugujwa khona iinsimbi. I-hemp ekhulela ehlabathini enetjhefu kufanele ingasetjenziswa babantu.
I-Hemp Njenge-Biofuel
Abahloli beYunivesithi ye-Connecticut bafunyana bona amafutha wedizeli angakhiqizwa ngokusebenzisa imbewu ye-industrial hemp. Ihlahlubo yeyunivesithi yaveza bona amafutha we-hemp ane 97% conversion rate ngaku-biodiesel begodu i-biodiesel ingasetjenziswa kiwowoke ama-enjini wedizeli.
Isitjalo esiseleko singasetjenziselwa ukukhiqiza i-athanol nofana methanol. Kwesinye isikhathi ibizwa nge-“hempanol” nofana “i-hempoline” umhlobo weembaseli lona wenziwe ngekambiso ebizwa nge-cellulolysis lapho i-hemp ibiliswa khona kutjhuguluke amanzi abemrhwamuko ibese kukhutjhwa i-ethanol. I-ethanol kutjhugululwa amanzi wayo abemrhamuko ngemva kokubiliselwa kometheyirali wesitjalo begodu i-mathanol ikhiqizwa ngemva kokomisa amanzi atjhugululiweko abamrhwamuko weplanka le-hemp pulp.
Translated by Busisiwe Prudance Skhosana