Ngaphandle kwe oli ye hemp esetyenziswa kwizinto ezininzi kwintengiso ezifana nokomisa ipeyinti yamadonga, njenge vanishi, kunye nesithambisi, isityalo se hemp (Cannabis sativa) singasetyenziswa njenge phepha, ukufunxa ukungcola ukusuka emhlabeni kwaye nanje ngemveliso yamafutha wemoto.
I-Hemp Njenge Phepha
Umsebenzi we hemp kumaphepha unga buyiselwa umva ukuya kuma 200 - 150 B.C. ngexesha isenziwa kwelase China ibumba impuphu ukwenza amashithi abhityileyo. Ngenkulungwane ye 7th, indawo zokwenza amaphepha zazisokhiwa e Middle East nase China. Ukusetyenziswa kwe phepha le hemp kwanda kakhulu kwicala lase Ntshona. Iibhayibhile kunye nee ncwadi zamabali zababhali abafana no Mark Twain zashicilelwa kwiphepha le hemp kwaye eRussia ihemp yayisetyenziswa ukushicilela imali nezitampu.
Iphepha lingenziwa nge fibre ende okanye impuphu emfutshane ye fibre. Amaphepha awenziwe nge fibre ende abhityileyo kwaye arhabaxa. Amaphepha awenziwe nge mpuphu ye fibre emfutshane kungenzeka angomeleli, kodwa kulula ukuwenza, athambile, kwaye atyebile, kwaye alungele ukusetyenziswa yonke imihla. Ukongeza, ihemp ilungele umhlaba kuba ithabatha kuphela iintsuku ezingama 120 ukukhula xa kuthelekiswa ngeminyaka umthi ewuthabathayo ukuze ukhule.
I-Hemp Njenge Siphontshi Sokufunxa Ubumdaka
Izityalo ze hemp zingasetyenziswa ekubuyiseleni umhlaba kubumdaka bongcoliseko, ukukhupha ubumdaka emhlabeni njenge siphontshi. Ihemp yade yasetyenziswa ukususa okwenza umonakalo emhlabeni emveni komonakalo owathi wenzeka eChernobyl eRussia ngonyaka ka 1986.
Uphando olunzulu lwangonyaka ka 2012 lubonisze okokuba ihemp yakwazi ukufunxa icadmium emhlabeni. I-Cadminum yenye yemveliso kuthuli lomophu emoyeni. I-Hemp iyakwazi ukucoca ubumdaka emhlabeni kuquka iintsimbi, izibulali zinambuzane, i-oli, nokungcola komhlaba. I-Hemp ekhuliswe kumhlaba ongcolileyo akufunekanga isetyenziswe kwizityalo ezizakutyiwa ngabantu.
I-Hemp nje Ngama Futha
Abaphandi kwi Dyunivesithi yase Connecticut yafumanisa okokuba amafutha we dizili angenziwa ngenkozo ze hemp ezithengiswayo. Izifundo zophando kule dyunivesithi zibonakalisa okokuba i-oli ye hemp iyakwazi ukujikwa ibeyi dizili eyecocekileyo, malunge nama 97% wayo. Le dizili icocekileyo ilungele nayiphi i-injini ye dizili kulemihla. Isityalo sonke singasetyenziswa ukuvelisa i-ethanol okanye imethanol. Ngamanye amaxesha yaziwa ngokuba yi “hempanol” okanye “hempoline” oluhlobo lwamafutha lwenziwa ngendlela ethile ebizwa okokuba yi ‘celluloysis’ yona ke ididiyela kwaye icoce ihemp ukuze kufumaneke i-ethanol. I-ethanol icocwa emveni kokuba ididiyelwe, izityalo zayo ze kuveliswe methanol emveni kokucocwa okomileyo kwe mpuphu ye hemp yamaplanga.
Translated by Zikhona Plaatjie