Ikuroyi kufanele ivunwe msinya ukukhandela ukuphuka, ukutlhurha kwamathuthumbo wekoriyi phezulu kwaleyo esele ilungele ukuvunwa nokoniwa ziinyoni, begodi ivunwe ngaphambi kobana iinthoro zayo zome. Ukuvuna kuthoma lokha ingaphakathi lekoroyi lisesemanzi kufikela ku 16%, kodwana kungathoma nanoma kuphasi kulingana ne 13% lokha ikoroyi nayizokubulungwa. Imihlobohlobo evame ukulahlekela ziinthoro, okubangelwa kuphuka, kufanele ivunwe msinya beyomiswe ngokusebenzisa imitjhini. Ukuvunwa kwekoroyi kuthoma kusukela ngenyanga kaSinyikhaba noNobayeni eendaweni lapho ekuna izulu ngesikhathi sehlobo nakilezo ekuna izulu ekupheleni kwehlobo.
Ivunwa Bunjali Ikoroyi
Ikoroyi ingavunwa ngezandla ngokusebenzisa i-scythe nofana i-machete, kodwana ukusebenzisa imitjhini yokuvuna lokha nawunesimu ekulu yekoroyi kuyabhederiseka. Imitjhini yokuvuna ikoroyi eyakhelwe ukwenza imisebenzi emibili nofana emiththu ngesikhathi sinye ikghona ukusika beyihlukanise ikoroyi iyisuse kukafukafu nekeminye imetheriyali yeentjalo.
I-avarage Yomkhiqizo Wekoroyi
I-avarge yomkhiqizo wekoroyi qobe ihekthara iya ngokobana ubujami bezulu bunjani, indawo lapho ikoroyi ekhiqizwa khona, ikhwalithi nokwahlukahlukana kwehlabathi. Umkhiqizo ungafika ku-avare engaba ku 2.5 yamathani/ha endaweni eyomileko nahlanga ne 5 yamathani/ha endaweni ehlala ithelelelwa.
Ukuhlukaniswa Ngeengaba Kwekoroyi
Ikoroyi eSewula Afrika ihlukaniswa ngeengaba ezine ngokuya ngamaphrotheni enawo, imasi ye-hectolitre (hectolitre mass) nenomboro ewa ngayo (falling number), ekungikho koke lokhu ekuveza ikhwalithi yokubhaga yekoroyi. Imasi ye-hectolitre (hectolitre mass) kusilinganiso sobudisi esivamileko somthamo wekoroyi. Inomboro ewa ngayo (falling number) kusilinganiso esiveza umthelela we-enzymes ekhwalithini yekoroyi.
Ukuze ikoroyi ithathwe njengesesigabeni esiku B1, bekujayeleke bona ikoroyi ibenamaphrotheni angafika ku 12% ubuncani, imasi ye-hectolitre (mass hectolitre) ibe yi 77 kg/hectolitre nenomboro ewa ngayo (falling number) ye 220 imizuzu, iimfunekwezi zehliswe nakuya ku B2, B3 kunye no B4 zehliselwe kufika ku 8% amaphrotheni, 70kg/hectolitre ne 150 imizuzu emagreyidi asebenzisekako.
Ihlelo elitjha lokugreyida, elifakwe ngo 2019, lisetjenziselwa ukuphuqula iinzuzo yomikhiqizo wekoroyi. Ngokususela kilokhu, amagreyidi ahleliweko amatjha i-new super grade enzelwe ikoroyi emumethe amaphrotheni angaphezulu kuka 12% ukuhlalisa ikoroyi ekhiqizwe endaweni ehlala ithelelelwa. Amaphrotheni amumethweko ngokuya kweesilinganiso egade sisetjenziswa ngaphambilini azokutjhugululwa ehliselwe phasi kusuka ku 12% ukuya ku 11.5% emihlobeni ehleliweko ka B1 , kusukela ku 11% ukuya ku 10.5% ku-greyidi B2 kunye nokusuka ku 10% ukuya ku 9.5% kugreyidi B3.
Umehluko emananini hlangana kwamagreyidi sekwehliselwe phasi, ngomehluko ohlangana no B1 no B2 orhunyezwe nge 1% nakuqathaniswa nesikhathini esidlulileko lokha nagade udlula ku 4%. Umehluko emananini hlangana no B1 no B3 uzokurhunyezwa nge 3% kwaphela.
Ukubulunga Ikoroyi
Abalimi abatlhayela iinsetjenziswa babulunga ikoroyi yabo eemumathini ezahlukahlukeneko, kusukela ekusebenziseni imigodla ukuya emigodini yangaphasi, umnqopho kukubulunga ikoroyi eentweni ezingangeni umoya ezisetjenziselwa ukubulunga iinthoro ngokukhulu ukurhaba ukwehlisa izinga lokulahlekelwa yikoroyi esele ivuniwe ngonobangela wama-fungi, ubuswe nofana ama-parasites.
ESewula Afrika, abalimi bangasebenzisa iinkhwama zokubulunga iinthoro ukwehlisa izinga lokulahlekelwa sivuno sabo nabasalindele isithuthi ezizokuthutha ikoroyi, njengombana ama-on-farm silos nofana ama-cooperative silos asetjenziselwa ukubulunga ikoroyi isikhathi eside.
Ukubulunga ikoroyi kuma-silos kulula nakukhulunywako kunalokha nakufanele kwenziwe, njengombana ikoroyi kufanele ibulungwe ngaphasi kwamazinga wobuswe afaneleko ukukhandela ukubola. Kufanele ivikelwe emakhondlweni nakezinye iintjhabalalisi ezingabangela bona kulotjwe ikoroyi evuniweko.
Translated by Busisiwe Skhosana