Isikhathi Esifanele Sokuvuna Ukolweni

© Chris Daly
Ukolweni kufanele kuvunyiwe kusenesikhathi ukuze kuvimbele ukuhlakazeka, ukuhluma ngaphambi kokuvuna kanye nokulimala kwezinyoni, kodwa isikhathi sekwephuzile ngokwanele ukuba okusanhlamvu kumile. Ukuvuna ngokuvamile kuqala lapho okuqukethwe komswakama kakolweni kungaba ngu-16%, kodwa kungase kube ngaphansi kuka-13% uma ukolweni uzogcinwa.
Izinhlobo ezivame ukulahlekelwa okusanhlamvu, ezibhekwa ngokuthi ukuhlakazeka, kufanele zivunwe ekuqaleni futhi zome ngomumo. Ukuvunwa kwebanga kuqala kusukela ngoNovemba Disemba ezindaweni zemvula yasebusika futhi kamuva ezindaweni zemvula zasehlobo.

Indlela Yokuvuna UKolweni

©Chris Daly
Ngenkathi ukolweni ungavunwa ngesandla nge-scythe noma i-machete, imishini yokuvuna kuyindlela ekhethwayo uma unamathrekhi amaningi omhlaba okudingeka avune ngesikhathi esifanele. Abavuni bahlangene bayakwazi ukusika nokuhlukanisa ukolweni kwezinye izinto ezihlwanyelayo nezitshalo.

Isilinganiso Sokukhiqiza uKolweni

©Chris Daly
Ukukhiqizwa kwesilinganiso sikakolweni ngehektha ngalinye kuxhomeke ezimweni zezulu, indawo lapho ukolweni ukhiqizwa khona, izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene kanye nekhwalithi yomhlabathi. Izivuno zingase zibe ngu-2.5 amathani/ha emhlabathini owomileyo kanye no-5 amathani/ha emazweni anisele.

Ukuhlukaniswa kwaKolweni

Ukolweni eNingizimu Afrika sekuye kwahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezine ngokusho kokuqukethwe kwamaprotheni, inombolo ye-hectolitre kanye nenombolo ewayo, okuyizona zonke izinkomba zekhwalithi yokubhaka kakolweni. I-Hectolitre mass isisindo somthamo ojwayelekile wekoro. Ngenkathi inombolo ewelayo isilinganiso esithola umphumela we-enzyme ekhwalini likakolweni.
Ukuze ufaneleke njenge-B1, ukolweni wawunezinto ezincane zokuqukethwe kwamaprotheni angu-12%, i-hectolitre mass of 77 kg/hectolitre kanye nenombolo ewa ngamasekhondi angu-220, kanti izidingo zihlaselwa nge-B2, B3 ne-B4 kuma-protein angu-8% kuphela, 70 kg/hectolitre namasekhondi angu-150 ebangeni losizo. Uhlelo olusha lokubamba, olwethulwa ngo-2019, lisetshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa ukukhiqizwa koroli inzuzo.
Ngokusekelwe kulokhu, ibanga elisha eliphezulu liye lalinywa ngokolweni kanye nokuqukethwe kwamaprotheni okuphakeme kunama-12% ukuze kutholakale ukolweni okukhiqizwa ngaphansi kokunisela. Okuqukethwe kwamaprotheni amamaki wendabuko kuzolungiswa phansi ukusuka ku-12% kuya ku-11,5% weBanga B1, kusuka ku-11% kuya ku-10,5% weBanga B2 kanye no-10% kuya ku-9,5% weBanga B3.
Umehluko wamanani phakathi kwamamaki ubuye uhlehliswa phansi, umahluko phakathi kuka-B1 no-B2 wehlelwa ku-1% uma uqhathaniswa nesikhathi esedlule uma sikhulu njengo-4%. Umehluko wamanani phakathi kuka-B1 no-B3 uzobe usuqhekeke ku-3% kuphela.

Isitoreji Sakolweni

©Eric Miller
Nakuba abalimi abampofu abakwazi ukugcina ukolweni wabo ezinhlobonhlobo zeziqukathi ezihlukahlukene, kusukela ezikhwameni ezivamile kuya emagodini angaphansi komhlaba, ukulungele ukuthola ukolweni ezinqolobaneni zokusanhlamvu ezithuthukisiwe ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka ukunciphisa ukulahlekelwa kokuvuna emva kokuvuna okubangelwa i-fungi, umswakama noma ama-parasites.
ENingizimu Afrika, abalimi bangasebenzisa izikhwama zokugcina okusanhlamvu ukuze banciphise ukulahlekelwa ngenkathi belinde ukuthutha ukuqoqa ukolweni, kanti ama-silos asepulazini noma ama-silos abambisana nawo angasetshenziswa ukugcina ukolweni isikhathi eside.
Ukugcina ukolweni kuma-silos kulula ukushiwo kunokwenziwa, ngoba ukolweni kufanele ugcinwe emswakeni oqondile kanye namazinga okushisa ukuvimbela ukuthi ingabikho.
Kudingeka futhi ivikeleke kumagundane nezinye izinambuzane ezingabangela ukulahlekelwa.

Translated by Nsika Khoza