Nkarhi waku Tshovela Koroni
Koroni yifanele kutshoveriwa nkarhi wahari kona kusivela ku hlahlekela, kutlhela yimila kungase tshoveriwa xikan’we naku dyiwa hi tinyenyani, kambe kufanel ku yimeriwa tindzoho kuva ti oma kuringanela. Ntshovelo wutala kuva wusungula loko kutsakama ka koroni swiri eka 16%, kambe kunga chika kuya eka 13% laha koroni yingata hlawuleriwa. Tinxaka leti talaka ku lahlekeriwa hi tindzoho, leswi tivekaka tani hiku hlahlekela (shattering), ti fanele ku hatla ti tshoveriwa kutani ti omisiwa Kunene. Koroni yisungula ku tshoveriwa kusukela hi tinhweti ta November December eka tindzhawu letingana timpfula ta xixika kutani swiva endzhaku nyana laha kungana timpfula ta ximumu.
Ndlela yo Tshovela Koroni
Loko koroni yi tshoveleka hi mavoko hiku tirhisa scythe kumbe machete, michini ya ntshovelo yitsakeriwa ngopfu loko kuri na xiphemu xikulu swinene xa misava lexi faneleke kuva xitshoveriwa hinkarhi wa kahle. Switirhisiwa swa xombine harvesters swikota ku tsema kutani swi hambanyisa koroni kusuka eka ximilani na chaff.
Vuhumelerisi Byale Xikarhi bya Koroni
Vuhumelerisi byale xikarhi bya koroni hi hectare byiya hi xiyimo xa maxelo, ndzhawu leyi koroni yihumelerisiwaka kona, muxaka xikan’we na khwalithi ya misava. Mbuyelo wungava exikarhi ka 2.5 tons/ha eka misava leyi omeke xikan’we na kwalomu ka 5 tons/ha eka misava leyi cheletiwaka.
Ntlawa wa Koroni
Koroni e Afrika Dzonga kuya hi ndzhavuko yina mintlawa ya muna yati grades kuya hi nhlayo yati protein, hectolitre mass xikan’we na nhlayo, leswi hinkwaswo swinga swikombiso swa khwalithi yob aka ya koroni. Hectolitre mass i ntiko wa ntolovelo wa nhlayo ya koroni. Loko falling number kuri mpimo lowu hlayelaka nhlohletelo wati enzymes eka khwalithi ya koroni.
Ku fikelelatani hi B1, koroni leyi tirhisiweke yina nhlayo yale hansi yati protein ya 12%, hectolitre mass ya 77 kg/hectolitre xikan’we na falling number ya 220 wati seconds, na swilaveko leswi hungutiweke hikwalaho ka B2, B3 na B4 kuya ntsena eka 8% wati protein, 70 kg/hectolitre na 150 wati seconds eka utility grade.
Maendlelo ya grading yantshwa, lawa tisiweke hi lembe ra 2019, ya tirhisiwaka ku antswisa mbuyelo eka vuhumelerisi bya koroni. Kuya hileswi, ku endliwe super grade yintshwa leyinga endleriwa koroni leyingana nhlayo yale henhla yati protein leyinga henhla ka 12% ku fikelela na koroni leyinga humelerisiwa ehansi ka ncheleto. Nhlayo yati protein eka ti grade ta ndzhavuko yita lulamisiwa kuya ehansi kusuka eka 12% kuya eka 11,5% eka Grade B1, kusuka eka 11% kuya eka 10,5% eka leyi ya Grade B2 xikan’we na 10% kuya eka 9,5% eka Grade B3.
Kuhambana ka ntsengo exikarhi ka ti grades naswona swi lulamisiwile kuya ehansi, laha kungana ku hambana exikarhi ka B1 na B2 yi hungutiwa kuya eka 1% loko yi pimanyisiwa nale ndzhaku loko yahari leyikulu eka 4%. Kuhambana ka ntsengo exikarhi ka B1 na B3 swita hunguta kuya eka 3%.
Nhlayiso wa Koroni
Laha van’wamapurasi lava pfumalaka switirhisiwa vanga hlayisaka koroni ya vona eka swibye swohambana hambana, kusukela eka masaka ya ntolovelo kuya eka ku celela eka magoji yanene, laha xikongomelo kunga ku hlayisa laha kunga ngheneki moya hiku hatlisa ku hunguta ku lahlekeriwa ka ntshovelo wa vona lokunga vangiwaka hi fungi, ndzhongho kumbe ti parasites. E Afrika Dzonga, van’wamapurasi vanga tirhisa masaka yo hlayisela tindzoho kuhunguta ku lahlekeriwa loko kaha yimeriwe swofamba leswaku kuta tleketliwa koroni, loko ti silos tale mapurasini kumbe ti silos ta ti cooperative tinga tirhisiwaka ku hlayisa koroni kuringana nkarhi woleha.
Ku hlayisiwa ka koroni eka ti silos swi olova kutlula leswi vuriwaka, tani hileswi koroni yi hlayisiwaka eka kutsakama na mahiselo ya kahle swinene ku sivela leswaku yinga boli. Yitlhela yi lava nsirhelelo eka makondlo xikan’we na switsotswana swinwana leswinga onhaka.
Translated by Ike Ngobeni
