Ivundela iqakathekile ekulinyweni kwamakhowe. Indlela ivundela eyenziwe ngayo nekhwalithi yayo inomthelela ekhwalithini yomkhiqizo wesitjalo samakhowe. Kuqakathekile bona ikhwalithi yevundela ihlale ifana ingatjhuguluki, kodwana, ukuhlala ukhiqiza amakhowe wekhwalithi ephezulu kubudisi begodu kudinga ikghono.
E-Sewula Afrika, abakhiqizi abanengi bamakhowe bazenzela yabo ivundela. E-Europe nakezinye iinarha, Iinsetjenziswa ezikulu nezikhethekileko zenza ivundela eyenzelwe ukusetjenziswa balimi abathengisa amakhowe.
Yenziwa njani Ivundela Yamakhowe
Ivundela yekhwalithi ehle iqakathekile evilweni lokukhula kwamakhowe begodu kufanele ibe neenthako ezifaneleko beyinakekelwe kuhle kusukela ekuthomeni. Kunamaresiphi amanengi wokwenza ivundela namahlelo ahlelwe kuhle aqaliswe eensetjenzisweni ezikhona eplasini ngalinye. Ngaphasi kunesibonelo sinye.
E-Sewula Afrika, ivundela yamakhowe yenziwe ngomucu wekoroyi, umanyoro weenkukhu kunye namanzi. I-gypsum nayo iyathelwa ukwenza ncono isakhiwo, ihlukanisa i-pH begodu irhelebhe ukukhupha i-amoniya evundeleni.
I-formula ejayelekileko yi-1 000 kg yomucu (amanzi amumethweko 15%), i-800 kg umanyoro weenkukhu (ubumanzi 40%, i-nitrogen 4%) kunye ne-85 kg i-gypsum.
Amabhala wotjani amanziswa kuhle amalanga amahlanu ukuya kwasithandathu, bese ayahlukaniswa avangwe nomanyoro. Ngemva kokuwaneka elangeni abetjhwa mumoya amalanga ambalwa, umanyoro oseleko uyathelwa.
Ihlelo lokwenza ivundela lifakahlangana ihlelo lokuvanganisa iinthako, ukomisa elangeni kunye nokuyinisela ukwenzela bona ihlelo lithome. (Ihlelo lokomisa elangeni likhandela umnuko omumbi we-anaerobic). Njengombana ihlelo lokwenza ivundela liragela phambili, amazinga womtjhiso athoma ukuya phezulu bekafike ku-70°C.
Ngemva kweemveke ezingaba zithathu, ivundela isuswa amaqhiwani kancani begodu nakusaraga leli ihlelo, i-nitrogen iyatjhuguluka ibemaprotheyini asebenza njengomthombo wokudla ukwenzela bona ama-spores wamakhowe akhule kiwo.
Nasele ivundela yamakhowe ilungile, izaliswa eenkhwameni nofana ematjhelifini ngaphambili kobana irhayelwe nge-spawn samakhowe.
Ivundela Yamakhowe Esele Isetjenzisiwe
Ngemva kokuvuna, indawo ebekutjalwe kiyo ivuvuzelwa ngesitimu ukususa izifo bese kuthi ivundela egade isetjenziswa isuswe eplasini. Ivundela esetjenzisiweko yamakhowe ithandelwa khulu ukuthelwa amasimini kodwana kuphakanyiswa bona iboliswe ukuya phambili ukwenzela bona amametheriyali a-organic ahlukane. Ivundela yamakhowe ingangezelela i-organic matter ehlabathini ukukhuphula izinga lamanzi angabanjwa yihlabathi nokunikela amametheriyali wama-microbes azokudliwa yihlabathi. Lokhu kuzokukhipha iinthako ezibotjhelelwe evundeleni.
Translated by Busisiwe Skhosana