Kuneengaba ezintathu eziqakathekileko lokha nakufuywa i-tilapia: ukukhulisa iimfesi ezisesezincani, ukuzitlhogomela nokubamba iimfesi nekambiso elandelwako lokha nazilungiselelwa ukuyokuthengiswa. Akusiyo yoke imisebenzi lee eyenziwa ngasosoke isikhathi lokha nakufuywa iimfesi, ngaphandle kwamarhwebo amakhulu afuya i-tilapi wona alandela zoke iingaba ezibekiweko.
Amaqanda weemfesi amahle akhiqiza iimfesi ezincani zekhwalithi ehle. Indawo lapho ekukhuliselwa khona iimfesi ezisesezincani kungaba sendaweni ye-Lowvveld nofana eendaweni ezingaphandle begodu neemfesi zithengiswa egeyidini yeplasini.
Amaplasi asendaweni zemakhaya lapho ekunemiphakathi khona athoma amarhwebo amancani athengisa iimfesi ezifretjhi. Amaplasi layo aseduze namadorobha anamasenta angathola amarhwebo athengisako nanesidingo seemfesi ze-tilapia ezibovu, gutted, gilled nezinamaskeyili nofana ama-tilapia fillets.
Ukukhulisa Ama-Tilapia Asesemancani
Ukukhulisa ama-tilapia, kutlhoga iinsetjenjiswa ezikhethekileko. Amalanga wokufuya ekhaya kufuywe ngokuhlanganisa iimfesi ezisesezincani zobulili obungafaniko ndawonye sekadlula, kwanjesi kukhuliswa iimfesi ezinamagreyidi ahlukahlukeneko, ama-tilapia aduna anobudisi obungalinganiko nokukhula okubonakalako begodu nangabanjwa malwelwe lula.
Iinsetjenziswa ezikhethekileko zokukhulisa iimfesi zinendlela ezikhethikileko zokukhandela ukukhulela ngaphakathi (inbreeding) nokulonda amasotja ahlukahlukeneko. Bafuyi abakhulu kwaphela abangaqalelela ukuvula ama-hatcheries wabo. Nangasinjalo, ukuzalisa idamu lakho ngeemfesi, qalelela ukuthenga iimfesi ezisesezincani. Iimfesi ezisesezincani azikaduri begodu iimphaphamtjhini zokuzithwala zizisa emasentheni amakhulu, nokuziletha ngokusebenzisa iinlori kwenza isiqiniseko sokobana zifika ziphila lapho eziya khona.
Iindawo Ekukhuliselwa kizo Ama-Tilapia
Iinsetjenziswa zalapho ekukhuliselwa khona ama-tilapia kungaba matanka nofana iinziba. Kufanele zingabi zincani khulu. Zoke iindawo ezibunjiweko ezihlala ama-tilapia ezincani ukudlula amalitha angu 3000 ngezokufaka iimfesi ezifuywa muntu azifuyela ukukhipha isizungu khaphela begodu angeze akhiqize imiphumela emihle etholwa bafuyi abarhwebako.
Iinziba ekukhuliselwa kizo iimfesi kufanele zibenobuncani obungange 0.25 ha in size (2 500 m²) ukulonda amanzi ahlale asebujameni nekhwalithini ehle nokuvumela ukukhula kokudla kweemvelo. Lokha isiziba nasisikhulu, kulokha amathuba abamanengi wokobana iimfesi zikgone ukudla ukudla kweemvelo ngokutjhaphuluka. Okhunye, lokha nazizinze kuhle kulapho zingaguliswa matjhuguluko wekhwalithi yamanzi enzeka msinya afana ne-de-oxygenation nofana ukukhula kwe-amaniya ebuya eensileni zeemfesi ezisesizibeni esincani.
Iintanka ezibunjiweko ezingange 1 - 1.5 m³ (1 000 - 1 500 amalitha) nenziba ezincani ezingange 100 - 500 m² angeze zivumele ukukhula okwaneleko nepilo ehle kuma-tilapia. Iintanka ezincani neenziba zikhiqiza umkhiqizo ojayelekileko, zikhulise ingozi yezinga lokufa kweemfesi lehlise nekhwalithi yamanzi liwehlisele ezingeni elifikela ekutheni ipilo nokukhula kweemfesi kuthinteka kumbi.
Ukufuywa kwe-tilapia kufaka hlangana ukuphiwa ukudla qobe langa, ukuzihlola nokurikhoda izinga lokukhula kunye nokobana ziphile njani. Ukuhlola nokurikhoda amanzi wekhwalithi nokulonda iinsetjenziswa njengempompo, iinsefo neensenjenziswa zokubamba iimfesi kwenziwa qobe langa.
Eminye imisebenzi eyenziwa ngeenkathi ezithileko zomnyaka ngile elandelako: iimfesi ziyabanjwa bezilungiswelelwe ukuthengiswa, amatanka neensefo ziyahlwengiswa begodu iintanka lapho ezikhuliselwa khona neenziba zihlwengiswe bezifakwe ezinye iimfesi ezisesezincani.
Ukuzalisa iinziba ngeemfesi ze-tilapia, iimfesi eziduna ziyasetjenziswa, njengomba zona zikhulu msinya begodu zine-food-conversion ration encono. Okhunye, ukusebenzisa iimfesi eziduna kwaphela kukhadela ukuzalwa nofana ukukhiqizwa kwezinye iimfesi ezisesezincani. Iimfezi ezincani zilwela ukudla zibange nalezo ezidala. Ukubakhona kwemfesi ezisikazi kwehlisa umkhiqizo okhutjhukwo.
Zoke iimfesi ezisesezincani eziduna zitholakala kuma-hatcheries ngamanani aphasi. Akwenzi ongqondo ukukhulisa iimfesi zekhwalithi ephasi ezisesezincani, ziphe ukudla okudurako unyaka munye ukuze uthole iimfesi ezinengana.
Ukubamba Iimfesi
Iimfesi zibanjwa lokha nasele zilungele ukuthengiswa, ubukhulu beemfesi ezibanjwako kuya ngeendingo zabathengi. Lokhu kungahlukana ukuya nge-tilapia encani ye 250 g kanengi ibhederiswa bathengi bamarhwebo wemakhaya, ezingakasikwa nofana ezisikiweko, kufikela kuma-tilapia anobukhulu obifkika ku 500 g, ezigeziweko nezinamaskeyili, ngezifumaneka emarhwebeni ewmadorobheni aphuqikile ngomba idorobha liphuqukile. I-tilapia ethengiselwa abathengi bemadorobheni esikhathini esinengi ithengiswa ngemali enengi i-kg ngayinye.
I-tilapia ingabanjwa eenzibeni ngokusebenzisa inede ekulu okuyi- mesh gill ebamba iimfesi zobukhulu obuthileko. Nangasinjalo, ama-tilapia amakhulu angakhutjhwa kuma-containments amancazana kuthi ezinye eziseleko ziliswe zikhule.
Amanye amarhwebo ababhederisa ama-tilapia anomnambitheko ozwakala khulu ukuba yifesi kuthi amanye abhederisa aduma. Nomakunjalo, ihlelo lokuthutha nokugandeleleka komkhumbulo okubangwa kubamba iimfesi nokuthutha inani eliphezulu leemfesi ezibanjiweko ziswa emarhwebeni, Kufanele kungathathwa kancani, khulukhulu lokha nakufanele zithuthwe ziphila.
Iimfesi zimotjheka msinya emazingeni womtjhiso afuthumeleko, kwesinye isikhathi kuthathe ama-awara ambalwa. Ngalokho ukubanjwa kweemfesi kutlhoga bona kuhlelwe ngokukhulu ukutjheja ukwenza bona kube lula ukuzilungiselela ukuthengiswa, ukuzilonda nofana ukuzithengisa ngaphambi kobana ipilo yazo ithome ukwehla kufikela lapho amarhwebo angasafuni ukuzithenga khona. Kungatlhogeka bona zikgadziswe lokha nazilondwako nofana nazithuthwako.
Translated by Busisiwe Skhosana