Ama-hatcheries azinikezele akhiqiza isitifiketi se-fingerling esiphezulu. Amayunithi okukhula angase abe ngaphansi kwe-Lowveld noma ezindaweni ezikude lapho ukucubungula inhlanzi kuvame ukuyisisekelo kakhulu nezinhlanzi ezithengiswa esangweni lepulazi.
Amapulazi asezindaweni zasemaphandleni asezindaweni zomphakathi azothola imakethe yendawo yezinhlanzi ezincane ezintsha. Labo abasondela emadolobheni amadala amakhulu bangathola imakethe eyinkimbinkimbi engadinga inhlanzi ebomvu, i-gutted, igayiwe kanye ne-scaled fish noma ngisho nama-tilapia.
Izithombo Zama-Tilapia Ezizalayo
I-tilapia yokubeletha, njenganoma yiliphi uhlelo oluyinkimbinkimbi yokuthuthukiswa kwempahla, ludinga izikhungo ezikhethekile. Izinsuku zokubeletha ezithandanayo zobulili ezixubile ekhaya seziphelile, futhi kufanele zibe, futhi ama-hatcheries azinikezele manje ahlinzekwa ngezidakamizwa, zonke izinhlobo ze-tilapia zeminwe yezinhlu ezihlukene futhi ezikhula ngokufakazelayo nezinzuzo zokumelana nezifo.Lezi zindawo zokukhiqiza izinhlanzi eziyinkimbinkimbi zinezinyathelo ezikhethekile zokuvimbela ukubola nokulondoloza ukuhlukahluka kofuzo. Izindawo ezihamba phambili zokuhweba izinhlanzi ezinkulu kuphela kufanele zicabangele ukusetha ama-hatcheries abo. Uma kungenjalo, ukuze ubeke ibhodlela lakho, cabanga ukuthenga iminwe. Izindwangu akuzona izindleko ezibizayo kanye nezokuthutha emoyeni ezikhungweni ezinkulu kanye nokulethwa komgwaqo ngezinga eliphezulu lokusinda impumelelo liye lafezwa.
Ukukhula kweTilapia
Izakhiwo zokukhula ze-tilapia zingaba amathangi noma amachibi. Lawa akufanele abe mncane kakhulu. Noma yiliphi i-tilapia yokukhiqiza elincane elingaphansi kwama-3000 amalitha ngokuyinhloko abalimi bezinhlanzi zokuzilibazisa kuphela futhi ngeke bakhiqize imiphumela emihle kubalimi be-tilapia yezentengiselwano.Amachibi okukhula kwe-Tilapia kufanele abe ubuncane obungamamitha ayi-0.25 ha (2 500 m²,) ukugcina ikhwalithi yamanzi omuhle futhi avumele ukuthuthukiswa kokudla kwemvelo. I-echibini enkulu, amathuba amaningi okudoba okuzokondla ngokwemvelo. Futhi, ukuzinza okuncane futhi okuncane kakhulu ukuguqulwa kwekhwalithi yamanzi okungazelelwe okufana nokudonswa okwenziwe ngokungazelelwe noma ukukhuphuka kwe-ammonia emikhiqizweni yemfucuza yezinhlanzi ezincane kakhulu echibini.
Amathangi okufakelwa ama-1 - 1.5 m³ (1 000 - 1 500 amalitha) kanye namachibi amancane omhlaba we-100 - 500 m² ngeke avumele amandla okukhula nokuphila kwe-tilapia. Amathangi amancane namachibi azokhiqiza izithelo ezingezansi, ukwandisa ingozi yokulahlekelwa kwamasheya nokunciphisa izinga lemanzi emazingeni lapho ukukhula nempilo nakho kungathinteka kabi.
Ukulima kwe-Tilapia kuhilela isimiso nsuku zonke sokudla, ukuhlola nokuqopha isamba sokukhula kanye nempilo. Ukuhlola nokurekhoda imingcele yekhwalithi yamanzi nokugcina imishini efana namapompo, izihlungi nokuvuna nazo zenziwa nsuku zonke.
Ezinye imisebenzi zonyaka zihlanganisa lokhu okulandelayo: izinhlanzi zivuna futhi zicutshungulwa, amathangi kanye nezihlungi zihlanza futhi zikhuphuka amathangi kanye namachibi ahlanzwa futhi agcinwe kabusha ngamagundane.
Ukuze ubeke kabusha amachibi e-tilapia, zonke izinhlanzi zesilisa ziyasetshenziswa, njengoba abesilisa bekhula ngokushesha futhi banezinga elingcono lokuguqula ukudla. Futhi, ukusebenzisa abesilisa kuphela kuvimbela ukukhiqizwa okungafuneki kwe-gazinga nama-fingerlings. Amafutha nama-fingerlings ancintisana nokudla ngezinhlanzi ezinkulu. Ukuba khona kwezinhlanzi ezinsikazi kunciphisa kakhulu isivuno sokuvuna.
Amaduna onke amaduna atholakala kakhulu kubanikazi ababhaliselwe ngenani elifanele. Akusekho ukuhlakanipha ukukhiqiza iminwe ephansi, ukuzondla ngokudla okubizayo konyaka futhi uzuze isivuno esincane.
Ukuvuna kwe-Tilapia
Ukuvuna kungenzeka uma izinhlanzi zilungele imakethe ethile, ubungako bokuvuna buxhomeke ezimfuno zemakethe. Lokhu kungahluka kusuka ku-tilapia encane ka-250 g ngokuvamile evame ukukhethwa yizimakethe zasemaphandleni, ephelele noma ngisho ne-un-gutted, kuze kufike ku-tilapia enkulu kakhulu ye-500 g, ihlanzwe futhi ilandwe, ngenxa yemakethe edolobheni noma eyinkimbinkimbi. I-Tilapia yabathengi basemadolobheni ivame ukuthengiswa ngentengo ephakeme.I-Tilapia ingavunyelwa ngokukhethiwe kusuka emachibini ngokusebenzisa inetha elikhulu elinama-gill elikhulu elithatha izinhlanzi kuphela zesayizi ethile. Uma kungenjalo, i-tilapia enkulu ingasuswa ngaphandle kweziqukathi ezincane futhi konke okusele kukhule.
Ezinye izimakethe zithanda ukunambitheka okunamandla kwamanzi aluhlaza okwakhiwa i-tilapia kanti abanye bakhetha ukunambitheka okungaphezulu. Ukunambitheka kwe-'fishy' kungasuswa ngokubamba i-tilapia emanzini ahlanzekile izinsuku ezimbalwa. Kodwa-ke, ukuphathwa nokucindezeleka kokubamba nokuhamba okukhulu kwe-tilapia ekuvunwa akufanele kuthathwe ngaphansi, ikakhulukazi uma kufanele kugcinwe kuphila.
Izinhlanzi zithatha kalula endaweni efudumele, ngezinye izikhathi zingakapheli amahora ambalwa. Ngakho-ke ukuvunwa kudinga ukuhlelwa ngokucophelela ukuvumela ukucubungula, ukugcinwa noma ukudayiswa kokubanjwa ngaphambi kokuba kuhlasele kuze kube yilapho kungamukeleki emakethe. Isiqandisiso singadingeka kokubili ukugcina nokuthutha izinhlanzi.Translated by Nsika Khoza