I-hemp (Cannabis sativa) mhlobo we-cannabis onamazinga aphasi we-euphoric THC cannabinoid begodu ayibangeli ukudakwa okuhlotjaniswa nesihlobo sayo esiyisango (marijuana).
Imithiya emide yamalungu wangaphandle akhula msinya wesitjalo se-hemp asetjenziselwa amatjhila aqinileko afana namabhurugu webhokadi, iinyathelo, iintambo kunye namaseyila. Eqiniseweni, umetheyirali owenziwe ngokusebenzisa i-hemp watholwa ematjeni kusekela eminyakeni yakudala eyadlulako ngabo 8 000 B.C. begodu umhlolisisi u-Christopher Columbus wasebenzisa iintambo ezenziwe nge-hemp esikebheni sakhe ebeziqinileko namaseyila we-hemp.
I-Hemp vs Ikotini
I-hemp ingasetjenziswa lula khulu esikhundleni sekotini lokha nakwenziwa izembatho. Ngokungafaniko nenabubulweni wekotini, asebenzisa i-50% yetjhefu ebulala iintjhabalalisi efufuzelwako ephasini, i-hemp ayinasidingo setjhefu lena lokha nayilinywako. Ngokungezelela, imithiya ye-hemp eqinileko, emunya khulu ukudlula ikotini. I-hemp ibuye godu ibe-mildew resistant khudlwana, inezakhiwo ze-insulative ezibhedere begodu akukavami bona ibhabhuke njengekitini.
Itjhugululwa Bunjani I-Hemp Yenziwe Itjhila
I-hemp ekhuliselwa ukusetjenziswa njengomthiya womkhiqizo wamatjhila idinga ukuvunwa kusesemsinya ngesikhathi lapho isesenamathuthumbo ngaphambili kobana ikhiqize imbewu. Lokhu kungathatha amalanga angaba 70 - 90 ngemva kokukhupha imbewu. I-hemp ivunwa ngokusebeniza imitjhini eyenzelwe ukuvuna.
Igadango lokuthoma ekutjhugululeni i-hemp kubolisa/i-retting. I-retting nofana ukubolisa kulokha iinthungo ze-hemp zifakwa ngemanzini zihlaliswe lapho. I-retting (nofana ukubolisa) kulokha imilwani kunye ne-fungi zidla i-pectins ehlanganise imithiya ye-hemp. Ukubolisokhu kungenziwa ngeendlela ezithathu. Iinthungo ze-hemp zingaliswa emazimini iimveke ezingaba hlangana nezine kunye nezisithandathu, zingafakwa ngemanzini amalanga angaba 10 nofana zingathelwa nge-enzymes. Nasele isiteji sokubolise sesiphelele, ama-stalks azokubonakala sekamhlophe anemithiya emide ehlukaniseka lula ngaphakathi kweplanka.
Igadango elilandelako, ama-hemp stalks angabuthelelwa abese athunyelwa emtjhinini ohlukanisako. Kulesi isigaba, iziqu ziyaphulwa bese ingaphakathi leplanka lihlukaniswe emithiyeni emide ye-hemp. Imithiya emide ithunyelwa ku-roller nasele imithiya ithambile ngaphambili kobana isikwe kusukela ku 3m ibe mifitjhani ngobude isibonelo 650mm. Iincetjhana ezifitjhani zibese ziyakanywa, zilinganiswe bese zoke ezifitjhani, ezirareneko nofanaa ezinama-partiles wamaplanka zisuswe. Imithiya emifitjhani yaziwa nge-‘tow’ bese imithiya emide ibizwa nge-‘line fibre’.
Umthiya we-hemp ubese ulinganiswa kuhle ngokulandelana ukwenzela i-spinning, ungaba manzi nofana wome. I-spinning esimanzi/-wet spinning sikhupha iintambo ezihle khulu njengombana sithambisa i-penctun sivumele nokobana uhlukaniseke lula umthiya beyikhiqize intambo ye-hemp edweni.
Inzuzo Yomthiya We-Hemp
I-hemp iphezulu kuneminye imithiya yamatjhila wezinye iinjalo (ezifana nekotini nofana i-flax ye-linen), nakuqathaniswa indlela ezikhula ngazo nangendlela ezisetjenziswa ngayo. Inzuzo yokukhulisa i-hemp ifaka hlangana ikudinga amanzi amancani ukuyikhulisa ukudlula ikotini. I-hemp godu idinga itjhefu yokubulala iintjhabalalisi encan njengombana ingabanjwa ziintjhabalalisi namalwelwe lula nomkhiqizo womthiya we-hemp (qobe ihekthara) uphezulu khulu ukudlula umkhiqizo we-flax kunye newekotini.
Ngokuya ngokwekhwalithi ye-hemp; i-hemp ingenye yemithiya yemvelo eqine khulu, iphefumula kuhle khulu, ayibanjwa kubola ne-mildew begodu ayidabuki lula. Ukuthamba komthiya we-hemp kuragela phambili lokha nayimbathwako begosu nombala wayo awusuki msinya njengewekotini.
I-hemp nayisetjenzwiswa njengetjhila lokwenza ipahla yangendlini, inama-UV blocking properties aphezulu (afanele amarharideni kunye nama-blinds) begodu ayiregi khulu njengombana ipahla ephakemeko ibuyela esibunjweni sayo.
Translated by Busisiwe Prudance Skhosana