Amantongomani we-Bambara abizwa bona yi-pea, jugo bean nanyana i-nyimo beans. Ihlobana ne-cowpeas begodu asetjenziswa babantu nenlwane. Lintongomani lomango eliyintanga emihlobohlobo elinombala omhlophe kanye namehlo anzima begodu anobokhulu obudlulanako. Umhlobo omhlophe nokunzima onentanga ekulu ithandwa e-Africa lokha umhlobo onzima kanye nokubomvu uthandwa e-South East Asia.
Amantongomani we-Bambara atjalelwa imbewu yayo, esetjenziswa njengokudla, eminyanyeni yesintu (efana nemingcwabo) begodu baphana ngawo njengezipho. Imbewu esele ikhulile iyabiliswa idliwe, nanyana isilwe kwenziwe ngayo iflowura beyiphiwe iinlwane.
Sele kunekarabo elitjha lawe eminyakeni le lokutjala eendaweni eziyirholombo - /arid savannah zones ngombana akasabi isomiso begodu arhona ukukhipha umkhiqizo omnengi nanyana ihlabathi iyimbi, ekufana nesivundeni se-bambara, eduze kwe-Timbuktu etjingalanga ye-Sahara. I-Nigeria yinarha ekulu ekhiqiza amantongomani ephasini.
Amantongomani we-Bambara itjalwa emfundeni zeMpumalanga enarheni ye-Sewula Africa, Limpopo kanye naKwaZulu-Natal.
Ukutjalwa Aamantongomani we-Bambara
Isewula Africa, amantongomani akhula msinya we-Bambara atjalwa nesphila, cowpeas kanye namakhabe nanyana atjalwa awodwa. Kuthatha iinyanga ezihlangana kwesintathu ukuya kwezisithandathu ukukhula, okuya ngokobana ubujamo bezulu bunjani. Amantongomani we-Bambara atjalwa ngembewu engaba hlangana kwe-25 - 160 kg qobe li-hectare, angatjalwa ngokurhatjhwa nanyana ngamareyi. Angatjalwa ehlabathini eyisanda engasiyihle, begodu kulula ukuyivuna endaweni engenwa mamanzi.Amazinga amahle wobujamo bezulu wokobana arhone ukumila ahlangana kwe-30 - 35℃. Athanda ilanga lokha nalitjhisa liyi-27℃. Athanda Ihlabathi eyisanda erege nge-phosphorus (P) kanye ne-potassium (K), nanyana ezinye iimfundo sele zithole bona ukubakhona kwamaminerali la akutjho bona azokuthela khulu. Amantongomani we-bambara enza ncono ikhwalithi yehlabathi ngombana arhona ukulungisa i-nitrogen esehlabathini nge-bhakutheriya ye-Bradyrhizobium.
Amantongomani akhula abeyi-30 cm ngobude nawuwaqalileko aqaleka njengamakari amila esiqwini enze umqhele omila phasi ehlabathini. Amantongomani amumethe imbewu yinye nanyana mbili emila ngaphasi ehlabathini. Imbewu yawo ikhula ngemva kwenyanga ezintathu ukuya kwezisithandathu.
Ngeskhathi sokuvuna, amantongomani adoswa ngesandla. Amantongomani adoswa ngesandla asetjenziswe omile nanyana afretjhi. Ukuvuna amaploti ammancani kwenziwa iskhathi. Lapha kungalindelwa ukuvunwa khona amantongomani angaba yi-300 - 600 kg.
Adliwa njani Amantongomani we-Bambara
Amantongomani we-bambara amthombo oqakathekile wamaprotheyini angabaphesendi ayi-18 - 19% kanye ne-63% yama-carbohydrate kanye namafutha ayi-and 6.5%. Nanyana anezinga eliphasi lamaprotheyini kunamantongombani, imbewu ye-bambara izele ama-amino acid aqakathekile kunamantongomani, ama-amino acid afana ne-isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine kanye ne-valine.Amantongomani la angadliwa afretjhi njenge-snack ngokuwabilisa, nanyana ukuwa rowusta, kodwana angonyiswa nawuthandako. Ubunengi bamantongomani la adliwa ngemva kokonyiswa. Amantongomani anyosiwe, angaba yi-1.5 cm ngobude, aneqephe eliqinileko. Imbewu iyasilwa isefwe kukhiqizwe iflowura efeyini esetjenziselwa ukwenza uburotho, amakhekhe kanye nedombolo. Iflowura ihlanganiswa namafutha kanye namanzi afuthumeleko, ne-anyanisi esikelelweko, itswayi, ipuyera yebilibili bese kuyastinywa.
Amantongomani kanye neminye imikhiqizo ebilisiweko afana ne-tempeh (umkhiqizo we-soy obilisiweko) kungenziwa ngembewu le. Amantongomani we-bambara asetjenziswa njengebisi lokulisisa ukumunya eenarheni ezinengi ze-Africa.
Amantongomani we-Bambara asetjenziselwa ukupha iinlwane ngombana ezele i-nitrogen kanye ne-phosphorus. Imbewu yawo iphiwa iimfarigi kanye nenkukhu. Nakonyisiweko amakari wayo azele amaprotheyini ayi-16%.
E-Nigeria, aphiwa i-tilapia fish kanye namakri anamaprotheyini ebuya emthini (Leucaena leucocephala).
Translated by Busisiwe Skhosana