Bambara groundnut titlhela tivuriwa ti earth pea, jugo bean kumbe nyimo beans. Tina vuxaka swinene nati cowpeas naswona titirhisiwa kudyiwa hi vanhu na hi swifuwo. Tikumeka enhoveni, titlhela tibyariwa hi tinxakanxaka emakaya, laha tihumesaka tinxaka ta mihlovo yohambana yati groundnuts na tisayizi leti sukaka eka letinstongo ta purple kuya eka letikulu ta muhlovo wa cream tiva na xicoti xantima. Muxaka wa leto basa na creama letikulu wutsakeriwa ngopfu e Afrika loko leti ta ntima nako tshuka titsakeriwa swinene e South East Asia.
Bambara groundnut ti byaleriwa ngopfu mbewu ya tona, leyi tirhisiwaka tani hi swakudya, laha titirhisiwaka eka mintirho ya ndzhavuko (yofana na minkosi) na swiseveseve. Leti nga kula, mbewu yo oma yi virisiwa kutani yidyiwa, yi kandziwa kumbe yi phameriwa swifuwo.
Kutlhele kusungula kuva na ntsakelo wokarhi eka malembe lawa yanga hundza yaku rimiwa ka tona eka tindzhawu letinga oma nyana tale savannah tani hileswi tikondzelelaka dyandza swinene naswona ti humesa mbuyelo wakahle hambi loko misava yingari na swakudya sworinganela, kufana nale ka ndzhawu ya Bambara, kusuhi nale Timbuktu e dzongeni wa Sahara. Nigeria hiyona yifambaka emahlweni hiku humelerisa ti groundnuts emisaveni hinkwayo. Bambara groundnut ti byariwa e Afrika Dzonga e swifundzheni swa Mpumalanga, Limpopo na KwaZulu-Natal.
Ku byala Bambara Groundnut
Laha Afrika Dzonga, leti hatlisaka kumila ti Bambara groundnut tibyariwa xikan’we na mavele, ti cowpeas na makalavatla kumbe tibyariwa tiri toxe eka ndzhawu yin’we. Titeka kwalomu ta ntsevu wa tinhweti kuva ti vupfa, kuya hi maxelo. Bambara groundnut tibyariwa hi mbewu leyi fambaka kwalomu ka 25 - 160 Kg hi hectare, tinga byariwa emintileni kumbe ti haxiwa kunene emasin’wini. Tinga byariwa eka misava leyingariki na swakudya ya sandy, naswona swa olova kuti tshovela eka misava leswi tswongaka mati.Mahiselo yakahle lawa tinga milaka eka wona ti Bambara groundnut yale ka 30 - 35°C. Dyambu leriheleleke na mahiselo yale xikarhi ya kwalomu ka 27℃ ya pfumeleleka. Misava ya Sandy loamy layinga fuwa hi phosphorus (P) na potassium (K) hi yona ya kahle, hambi leswi vulavisisi byin’wana byinga kuma leswaku kunonisa misava kumbe ku chela timinerali aswi engeteleli mbuyelo. Bambara groundnut yinga antswisa khwalithi ya misava tani hileswi yikotaka kululamisa atmospheric nitrogen eka misava hikwalaho ka bacteria ya ntlawa wa Bradyrhizobium.
Swimilani swikula kufikela ka 30 cm hiku leha naswona tilanguteka tani hi xikatsa xa matluka (leyingana matluka yanharhu ha rin’we) yikulaka kusuka eka ntlawa wa swikatsa kusuka ehansi. Ti groundnut pods, tiva na yin’we kumbe timbirhi (nuts), letimilaka e hansi ka misava. Mbewu yiva yikurile endzhaku ka 3 - 6 wa tinhweti endzhaku ko mila.
Hinkarhi wa ntshovelo ximilani xitsuvuriwa kunene hi mavoko kusuka ehansi, kutani xitsuvuka na tidluwa ta kona kusuka e hansi ka misava. Tindluwa ta kona tifanele ku susiwa naswona titirhisiwa tikarhi titsakama kumbe ti omile. Kutshovela eka masimu yantsongo switala ku endliwa hinkarhi wun’we. Mbuyelo wale xikarhi wakwalomu ka 300 - 600 kg hi hectare wunga languteriwa.
Ndlela yo dya Bambara Groundnut
Ti Bambara groundnut tina swakudya swankoka swinene eka swakudya swa siku laha ti protein kwalomu ka 18 - 19% xikan’we na 63% carbohydrate na 6.5% wa mafurha. Hambi leswi tingana nhlayo yale hansi yati protein loko kupimanyisiwa na timanga, Bambara groundnut tifuwe kutlula timanga hiti amino acids tofana na isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine na valine.Ti ndluwa leti tinga dyiwa tirikarhi titsakama tani hiti snacks loko tivirisiwile kumbe ku katingiwa, kambe tinga tlhela ti omisiwa. Tindluwa leti totala tidyiwa endzhaku kaloko ti omisiwile. Tindluwa letinga omisiwa, letinga kwalomu ka 1.5 cm hiku leha, tina swirhengele swotiyela. Tindluwa ta kandziwa kutani tiva mapa, lawa yatirhisiwaka ku endla xink’wa, makhekhe na dumplings. Mapa yakona yakatsiwa na mafurha na mati yokufumela, tinyala leti tsemeleriweke, munyu na viriviri kutani yi swekiwa.
Masi yo huma eka tona na swiendliwa leswinga virisiwa swifana na tempeh (a fermented soy product) swinga endliwa hi tindluwa leti. Masi ya Bambara groundnut ya tirhisiwa tani hi masi yo lumula eka matiko yotala ya Afrika.
Bambara groundnut yitirhisiwa tani hi swakudya swa swifuwo tani hileswi yinga fuwa hi nitrogen na phosphorus. Tindluwa tiphameriwa tinguluve na tihuku kutani matluka ya phameriwa swifuwo leswinwana. Matluka ya Bambara groundnut lawanga omisiwa yatele ti protein kufikela ka 16% loko ya phameriwa swifuwo.
E tikweni ra Nigeria, tilapia fish yiphameriwa Bambara groundnut naswona matluka yati protein kusuka eka nsinya yavuriwa white popinac (Leucaena leucocephala).Translated by Ike Ngobeni