Amakhowe atjalwa ngaphakathi kwezindlu ezenzelwe ukutjala lapho amazinga we-carbon dioxide, ubuswe kunye namazinga womtjhiso aluwulwa ngokukhulu ukutjheja. Kuyindlela yekambiso yethekniki ephezulu, eyenzelwe ukukhiqiza amakhowe ngobunengi, khulukhulu naziza emhlobeni wamakhowe womhlobo we-botton newe-brown mushrooms - woke ekumalunga we-Agaricus spp.
Ukulima amakhowe kuyindlela yokusebenza yesayentsi edinga bona kube nehlolo elisezingeni eliphezulu lokubeka amarikhodi wokukhula kwamakhowe ukuze uthole imiphumela ehlala ifana begodu kudinga nemali enengi ukuraga ihlelweli. Ngokungezelela, idinga ithekniki ephezulu begodu kudingeka nama-parameter ahlukeneko alingene kuhle ukukhiqiza ikhwalithi ehle yamakhowe, kubika uDr Martmari van Greunen we-Sylvan, ikampani ephakela ama-mushroom spawn.
Ezinye iinselele ezikhona ekulimeni amakhowe zifaka hlangana ukubhala ukudla amakhowe ngonobangela wamasiko angavumeli lokhu kunye nokobana abola msinya bekadinga nokuthuthwa afakwe emafrijini amakhaza kusukela lapho akhiwe khona kufikela esitolo.
Ukukhulisa Amakhowe
Ivundela eyenzelwe amakhowe ithelwa eenthebeni, emashelfini nofana emabhegeni wamaplastiki. Bese kuthi ama-spores angendlela yama-‘mushroom spawn’ afukanyelwe esivundisini ukuze abumbe ithungelelwano lama-mycelium - imirabho yamakhowe. Ihlelweli lokubumba ithungelelwano lama-mycelium libizwa nge-‘spawn run’ begodu lithatha amalanga ayi15 - 19.
Ukuhlahlambisa i-mycelium yekhowe kuyisusa ekubeni murorho ukuya esigabeni sokukhiqiza, ilarha le-5 cm yometheriyali okhethekileko ovangiweko uthelwa phezulu kwevundela. Umvango welarha leli esikhathini esinengi wakhiwe ngomvango we-peat mass, othengwa kusukela enarheni ye-Ireland nofana e-Netherlands. I-pith yomoba (okumkhiqizo weminye imikhiqo yamaphepha enziwe ngokusebenzisa umoba) ihlanganiswa ne-peat moss ukungezelela i-pH ye-acid ukufikela ezingeni elilingene kuhle nofana i-alkaline pH engaba yi-7.5. Umvango welarheli unikela ukuthamba kunye ne-microclimate efunekako ekukhuleni kwehloko yamakhowe.
Abalimi bamakhowe sebehlisa amazinga womtjhiso emakamerweni ebakhulisela kiwo amakhowe ngokusebenzisa ama-yunithi alawula itlayimethi. Ukwehla kwamazinga womtjhisokhu kubangela bona amakhowe athome ukukhupha ukudla bekabumbe namakhowe ehlelweni elibizwa nge-‘pinning’. Ngesikhathi se-pinning, amakhowe akhula ngokubuyelelwe kabili qobe ama-awara ayi-24 begodu kufanele ahlolwe ngamalanga ukwenza isiqiniseko sokobana isivuno sikhula kuhle.
Isivuno Samakhowe
Amakhowe akhupha isithelo ngama-breaks nofana ama-flushes. Lokhu kuthoma emalangeni angaba yi 17 ngemva kwe-casing bekuragele phambili eemvekeni ezilandelako. Ngokujayelekileko, ama-breaks amathathu ayathathwa ngaphambi kobana ivundela esetjenzisiweko isuswa ukwenza indawo yenzelwa isivuno esilandelako.
Amakhowe afretjhi enzelwe ukudliwa esikhathini esinengi avunwa ngezandla, ahlukaniswe ngamagreyidi bekapakwe ngeenqubuthu (ezingafika ku-5 kg) eemumathini zemakhabhodini. Indlela yokubulunga amakhowe ehle kusekamarweni elinamazinga wamakhaza aku 2 - 4°C namazinga wobuswe aphezudlwana.
Amagreyidi wesebili wamakhowe (e.g. avuthwe khulu nofana anzinyana) ayasikwa asetjenziswe ukwenza ingaphezulu lama-pizza, kunye nokwenza amasosi etc. Amakhowe asetjenziselwa ukwenza amakheni esikhathini esinengi akhiwa ngemitjhini.
I-Mushroom Spawn
I-mushroom spawn mumetheriyali (ofana ne-sterilized rye nofana i-sorghum kernels) efakwe ama-spores wama-strain wamakhowe. Ama-spawn wamakhowe asebenza njengembewu yamakhowe etjalwa ku-substrate ekhulako-ivundela. Ivanganiswa nevundela esivininini se-8 yamalitha qone ithani nofana i-0.5% ngobudisi. Ivundela ifakwe amakhowe ibese ifakwa eenkhwameni, ematreyini nofana ematjhelifini ukwenzela i-spawn running.
I-spawn running, kunye nokutlhurha, kwenzeka emakamerweni nofana kumathaneli avuleke kuhle nenehlelo lokubethisa umoya. Umoya uyadingeka bona uzokukhandela amaqhiwani nama-fungal spores ekungeneni ekamerweni ekutjalwe kulo. Ngokungezelela, umoya, namazinga womtjhiso kunye nobuswe bulawulwa ngokukhulu ukutjheja ukulawula iprisesi yokukhula.
Translated by Busisiwe Skhosana