Amakhowe atshalwa ezindaweni ezinkulu zasendlini lapho izinga lekhabhoni dioksijini, umswakama kanye nokushisa kulawulwa khona ngokucophelela. Kuyinqubo enobuchwepheshe obukhulu, ehloselwe ukukhiqizwa kwesimo samakhowe, ikakhulukazi endabeni yezinkinobho namakhowe ansundu - wonke amalungu e-Agaricus spp.
Ukulima amakhowe kungumsebenzi wesayensi odinga ukugcinwa ngokuqashelwa okufingqiwe ukufeza imiphumela engaguquki futhi kudinga ukukhishwa kwemali enkulukazi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungobuchwepheshe obukhulu futhi kudinga amapharamitha ahlukahlukene ngokulinganayo ukuze akhiqize amakhowe asezingeni elifanele, kusho uDkt Martmari van Greunen waseSylvan, inkampani enikeza amakhowe.
Enye inselelo yokulima kwamakhowe ifaka ukumelana namasiko ekudleni amakhowe nokuphila okufushane okufushane okuhambisana nesidingo senethiwekhi ebandayo kusuka epulazini kuya kuflashe.
Ukukhula Kwamakhowe
Umquba owenziwe ngokukhethekile usatshalaliswa kumathileyi, emashalofini noma ugcwaliswe ezikhwameni zepulasitiki. Lapho-ke ama-mushroom spores ngendlela ye-'co spawn' afakwa kumquba futhi avunyelwe ukwakha inethiwekhi ye-mycelium - amakhowe ama-mushroom 'izimpande'. Le nqubo yokwenza inethiwekhi ye-mycelium bese ikoloni umquba ubizwa ngokuthi yi- 'spawn run' futhi kuthatha izinsuku eziyi-15 - 19.
Ukuvuselela i-mycelium yama-mushroom ukuguqula isuka kwisimo sokuhluma iye esigabeni sokuzala, ungqimba lwe-5 cm yezinto ezikhethekile - ukufaka lo mbala - luyengezwa ngaphezulu komquba. Le ungqimba we-casing uvame ukuba ne-peat moss ingxube, engeniswa e-Ireland noma eNetherlands. I-ushukela umoba (okhiqizwa ukukhiqizwa kwamaphepha kusuka kumoba) kuxutshaniswa ne-peat moss ukukhuphula i-acid pH ibe ezingeni elingathathi hlangothi noma i-alkaline pH engaba ngu-7.5. Ungqimba lwe-casing luhlinzeka ngomswakama kanye ne-microclimate efanelekile yamakhowe we-mushroom ukuthuthukisa.
Abalimi manje banciphisa izinga lokushisa emakamelweni akhulayo ngokusetshenziswa kwamayunithi alawulwa isimo sezulu esiyinkimbinkimbi. Lokhu kushaqeka okushisa kubangela amakhowe ukuthi aqale ukwenziwa izithelo futhi enze amakhowe enqubo ebizwa ngokuthi yi-'Pinning'. Ngesikhathi sokuphina, amakhowe aphindwe kabili ngosayizi njalo emahoreni angama-24 futhi kufanele ahlolwe nsuku zonke ukuze aqinisekise ukuvuna okuhle.
Ukuvunwa Kwamakhowe
I-Mushroom fruiting yenzeka ngamakhefu noma emaphethini. Lokhu kuqala cishe izinsuku eziyi-17 ngemuva kokuhlala phansi bese kuyaqhubeka njalo ngezikhathi ezithile. Ngokuvamile, kuphulwa kathathu ngaphambi kokuba umgquba osetshenzisiwe ususwe ukuze kwenziwe isivuno esilandelayo.
Amakhowe okusetshenziselwa kuwo okusha avunwa kakhulu ngesandla, afakwe emigodini bese efakwa emaphayini noma kufakwe ngobuningi (kuze kufike ku-5 kg) ezitsheni zamakhadibhodi. Isitoreji esihle samakhowe sisendlini ebandayo e-2 - 4°C enomswakama omkhulu wesihlobo.
Amakhowe ebanga lesibili (isb. Avuthiwe kakhulu noma onesici) asikiwe futhi asetshenziselwa ukubeka phezulu kwe-pizza, futhi kumasoseji njll. Amakhowe okufakwa ngotshani iningi lakhethwa ngomshini.
I-Mushroom Spawn
I-Mushroom spawn iyindwangu (efana ne-rye engcolile noma i-sorghum kernels) efakwe inqwaba yohlobo oluthile lwe-mushroom. Ukuqothuka kwe-mushroom kusebenza 'njengembewu ye-howa' 'etshalwe' endaweni engaphansi ekhulayo - umquba. Kuhlanganiswa nomquba lapho kufinyelela khona amalitha ayi-8 ngethoni noma ngo-0.5% ngesisindo. Umquba osikiwe ugcwaliswa ezikhwameni, emathayipheni noma emashalofini wokufaka noma i-'spawn Run'.
Ukuqhuma kwe-Spawn, kanye nokutshala, kwenzeka emakamelweni akhulayo noma imigudu efakwe kahle futhi efakwe ngohlelo lokuphatha umoya. Umoya udinga ukuhlungwa ukuvimba amagciwane nama-fungal spores ukuthi angangeni emagumbini akhulayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho; umoya, izinga lokushisa kanye nomswakama kulawulwa ngokucophelela ukulawula inqubo ekhulayo.
Translated by Nsika Khoza