Swikowa swi byariwa laha kunga pfaleka kukulu laha nhlayo ya carbon dioxide, ku tsakama na mahiselo swi lawuriwaka. Leyi I ndlela ya vuthekiniki swinene, leyi kongomisiweke eka ku humelerisa swikowa swotala, ngopfu ngopfu eka muxaka wa button na brown-hinkwaswo i swirho swa ndyangu wa Agaricus spp.
Vurimi bya swikowa i maendlelo ya xi sayense swinene leswilavaka nhlayiso wa maphepha hi vurhonwani leswaku kuta fikeleriwa mbuyelo lowu fanaka naswona swilava mai yotala ku endla sweswo. Tlhandla kambirhi, swina vuthekiniki ngopfu naswona swilava switirhisiwa swotala leswingata tiyisisa leswaku ku kumeka khwalithi ya kahle ya swikowa, kuvula Dr Martmari van Greunen wa Sylvan, khamphani leyi phakelaka mushroom spawn.
Swirhalanganya swin’wana eka vurimi bya swikowa byi katsa ku chava ku dyiwa ka swikowa kuya hi mindzhavuko xikan’we nakuva swinga tshami nkarhi woleha endzhaku ko tshoveriwa naku laveka ka kuva switshama naku fambisiwa laha ku titimelaka kusuka e purasini kuya eku xavisiweni.
Ku Kurisa Swikowa
Manyoro lawa ya endliweke ku hlawuleka ya cheriwa eka ti tray, ti xelufu kumbe ya cheriwa endzeni kaswinkwamani. Kutani ti spores hi xivumbeko xati ‘mushroom spawn’ ta hlayisiwa eka manyoro naswona swipfumeleriwa ku khomana swiva mycelium - mushroom ‘roots’. Maendlelo lawa yaku endla mycelium network naku teka manyoro swivuriwa ‘spawn run’ naswona switeka 15-19 wa masiku.
Ku nyanyula mycelium ya swikowa kuva yi cinca kusuka eka swimilani yiya eka xivumbeku xo andzisa, leyara ya 5 cm ya switirhisiwa swo hlawuleka-casing swa engeteleriwa ehenhla ka manyoro. Leyara leyi ya casing hi xitalo yiva na nkatsakanyo wa peat moss, leyi humaka e Ireland kumbe e Netherlands. Sugar cane pith (masalela lawa yavaka kona loko ku endliwa maphepha hi mova) yikatsiwa na peat moss ku emgetelela acidic pH kuva yiva eka xiyimo xale xikarhi kumbe alkaline pH ya kwalomu ka 7.5. Leyara ya casing yitisa kutsakama xikan’we na microclimate leyi lulameleke kutumbuluka kati pinheads ta swikowa.
Varimi va hunguta mahiselo eka tindzhawu to kurisela eka tona hiku tirhisa switirhisiwa swin’wani swotika swinene leswi lawulaka maxelo eka tindzhawu leti. Leswi swi endla leswaku swikowa swi sungula kuveka mihandzu kutani kuva naku vumbeka ka swikowa hi mendlelo lawa vange i ‘pinning’. Hinkarhi wa pinning, swikowa swikula kambirhi endzhaku ka 24 wa ti awara tin’wana na tin’wana naswona swifanele ku kamberiwa siku rin’wana na rin’wana kutiyisisa ntshovelo lowu ringaneleke.
Ku Tshovela Swikowa
Ku tshoveriwa ka swikowa swihumelela kupfa ku wisiwa. Leswi swisungula kwalomu ka 17 wa masiku endzhaku ka casing naswona swiya emahlweni vhiki na vhiki. Hi ntolovelo, ku tshoveriwa hiku wisa loko kungase susiwa manyoro lawa ya tirheke leswaku kutava na swibyariwa leswi landzelaka.
Swikowa leswingata dyiwa swaha tsakama switala ku tshoveriwa hi mavoko hi xitalo, swi gradiwa kutani swipakiwa eka ti punnets kumbe switele (kufika eka 5 kg) endzeni ka swibye swa cardboard. Nhlayiso wa kahle swinene wa swikowa hile ka kamara leri titimelaka eka 2 - 4°C laha ku tsakamaka.
Swikowa swa grade ya vumbirhi (e.g. leswi vupfeke ngopfu kumbe swingana swicoticoti) swa tsemeleriwa kutani switirhisiwa eka ku tlhandlekela eka ti pizza, xikan’we nale ka ti sauces etc. Swikowa leswi cheriwaka eswi koteleni switala ku khiwa hi muchini.
Ku Mushroom Spawn
Mushroom spawn i switirhisiwa (swofana na sterilized rye kumbe sorghum kernels) leswivaka na ti spores ta muxaka wokarhi wa swikowa. Ti mushroom spawn titirha tani hi mbewu ‘mushroom seed’ leyi byariwaka ‘planted’ eka substrate yo endlela kona-manyoro. Yi katsiwa na manyoro eka nhlayo ya 8 litres hi ton kumbe 0.5% hi ntiko. Manyoro lawa yanga spawned ya cheriwa eka swinkwamani, ti trays kumbe ti xelufu kuya hlayisiwa kumbe ‘spawn running’.
Spawn running, xikan’we naku endliwa cropping, swihumelela laha swimilani swikulelaka kona kumbe ti tunnel leti phutseriweke kahle titlhela tiva na switirhisiwa leswi khomaka kahle moya. Moya wufanele ku cheriwa ku sivela ti bacteria nati fungal spores kuva tinghena eka tindzhawu to kurisela eka tona; moya, mahiselo na ndzhongho swilawuriwa hi vukheta eka ma endlelo yokurisa.
Translated by Ike Ngobeni