Umphakathi waseRichtersveld
E-Richtersveld, i-Sida!hub Communal Property Association (CPA) yasungulwa ukuze kutholakale umhlaba e-Alexcor, owama-hekta angu-85 000 ogwini oluphakathi kwePort Nolloth ne-Alexander Bay. Lokhu kwafakwa ngokufanele ngaphambi komhla ocacisiwe wa-31 Zibandlela 1998 futhi waya eNkantolo Yemangalo Yezomhlaba ngo-2000.Abaphikisi kuleli cala bahlanganisa imiphakathi ehlukene yendawo kanye nabathintekayo, okungumphakathi waseRichtersveld, umphakathi waseKuboes, umphakathi weSanddrift, umphakathi waseLekkersing, umphakathi wase-Eksteenfontein kanye namalungu amadala omphakathi waseRichtersveld. Ngenxa yokubaluleka kokumangalelwa, kwaba umncintiswano phakathi kwe-Alexcor Limited kanye nohulumeni waseRiphabhliki yaseNingizimu Afrika.
Abaphikisi (u-Alexcor nohulumeni) baphonsa konke ababenakho kumaRichtersvelders.Ukuthi babengewona umphakathi wangempela; ukuthi abazange bahlale ‘okunenzuzo’ kuleli zwe ngenxa yokuthi babeyizihambi; ukuthi babenqatshelwe izwe ngenxa yesithasiselo sika-1847 seNamaqualand esingaphandle komthetho owawunqunywe ngo-1913.
Nakuba iningi lala maqhinga lihlulekile ukusekelwa ngabahluleli, isinqumo sango-2001 sabe sesigcina ukuthi isimangalo asivumelekile. Lokhu kwakungenxa yokuthi inkantolo ithole ukuthi umphakathi awuzange ususwe ezweni ngenxa yemithetho 'yokubandlulula ngokobuhlanga', njengoba abalimi abamhlophe nabathengi bebasuswa nenqubo efanayo.
Ngokuvumelanayo Nomphakathi
Lokhu kutholwa kwadluliselwa futhi eNkantolo Ephakeme Yokwedluliswa Kwemibono yashintsha isinqumo seNkantolo Yomhlaba; yathola ukuthi "ukuthathelwa kwabo kwaphumela ngomkhuba wokubandlulula ngokobuhlanga ngenxa yokuthi wawusekelwe kulokhu futhi ngenxa yokungahambi kahle kwempucuko, lapho uhlobo lwabo belungenakulinganiswa, abantu baseRichtersveld babengenawo amalungelo endabeni yomhlaba". Abantu be-Richtersvelders banqoba.Kodwa u-Alexcor nohulumeni bafaka isicelo sokudlulisela futhi bathatha leli cala eNkantolo Yomthethosisekelo. Inkantolo Yomthethosisekelo nayo ithole okuvumelana nomphakathi futhi ekugcineni umhlaba wanikezwa abantu baseRichtersveld ngo-2003. Iminyaka eminingi yokuxoxisana yabalandela kuze kube uMbasa 2007, isivumelwano senziwe phakathi kuka-Alexcor nomphakathi waseRichtersveld.
Khona-ke, amasonto ambalwa ngaphambi kokuba yonke into ihambe ngaphambi kweNkantolo Yemangalo Yezomhlaba yokuqinisekiswa kokugcina, iqembu eliphikisayo labakwa-Richtersvelders lafaka isikhalazo ngokumelene nenkontileka esesayiniwe kakade. Kubonakala sengathi kunezigaba ezithile eziyinkimbinkimbi futhi kuthiwa umphakathi omningi awuzange uthintwe mayelana nemininingwane yalesi sigaba.
Usuku Olukhulu
Ngamaviki ambalwa alukhuni, kwakubonakala sengathi konke kungahamba ngendlela egobile. Kodwa izingxoxo zemizuzu yokugcina zixazulule ngempumelelo inkinga futhi ngo-9 Mfumfu 2007, ijaji leNkantolo Yezimangalo Zomhlaba, u-Antonie Gildenhuys, iqinisekisile ukulungiswa okuphindiwe. Impi yezomthetho yayithathile iminyaka engaba ishumi futhi yabiza uhulumeni ngaphezu kwezigidi ezingamashumi amahlanu zamarandi, kodwa abantu baseRichtersveld banqoba.Ngomhla ka-1 Zibandlela 2007, uNgqongqoshe WezemiSebenzi Yomphakathi, u-Alec Erwin (owayengumuntu obhekene nokuphikisana nesimangalo) noNgqongqoshe Wezemihlaba uLulu Xingwana, banikeze izetayitela ezikhomba ubunikazi ezweni kubaholi beRichtersveld.
Imali Eyisipho Yokugcina
Imali yokuvemelana kokugcina, ngaphezu kwezigidi zamarandi ezingu 440, kuhloswe ukukhokha umphakathi ngokunye uhlobo lokubuyisela kuwo wonke amadayimane akhishwa ngaphambilini ezweni lawo. Iphinde ibheke esikhathini esizayo ngokusungula isisekelo sezimali sokuthuthukiswa kwesikhathi esizayo.Okubaluleke nakakhulu, ivuma ngokufanele amalungelo omhlaba abantu baseRichtersveld okokuqala emlandweni wanamuhla. Ngalo mqondo, impi yomthetho yayingaphezu kwemali. Kwakukunikeza abaRichtersveld umqondo omusha wokuziqhenya ngokuma kwamasiko abo, futhi lokhu sekuye kwaholela ekuvuselelweni kwamasiko angenakunakekelwa.
Ngokufushane, imigomo esemqoka yokuphatha i-Alexcor yile elandelayo: Umbuso uzonikeza amahektare angu-194 600, okubandakanya amahektare angu-84 000 ensimu yedayimane ogwini kanye nomhlaba ocebile oMfula i-Orange, okwamanje uxhasa isithrasi, ukhwathu nezintshe. Kuzophinde kunikeze umphakathi 'inkokhelo engavamile yokukhokha' yezigidi ezingu 190 zamarandi kanye nesibonelelo sokuthuthukiswa sezigidi azingamashumi amahlanu zamarandi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Richtersvelders ne-Alexcor bayongena kumhlanganyela wemigodi, lapho umphakathi uzobamba inzalo engamaphesenti angamashumi amane nasishiyaglolunye. Le ngxenye yesivumelwano ayiyona into ezwakalayo ngoba i-Alexcor isilahlekelwe imali iminyaka embalwa. Kodwa-ke, ukuzinza kwendawo kuzovumela uhulumeni ukuthi atshale imali efika amakhulu amabili ezigidi zezigidi zamarandi kuhlelo oludingeka kakhulu lokubuyisela imali.
Ukuguqulwa
Futhi kukhona okuningi! Idolobha le-Alexander Bay ebeline Alexcor njengomnikazi lizodluliselwa emphakathini, kanti u-Alexcor uzokhokhela izigidi ezingu 45 zamarandi ukuze avumele abasebenzi bayo bahlale lapho iminyaka eyishumi ezayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yemizamo yalawo malungu omphakathi, “abaphikisa konke”, zonke izibopho zika-Alexcor manje zivikelwe uhulumeni, ikakhulukazi mayelana nokuvuselelwa kwezwe ngemuva kokugubha kwemigodi eminyakeni engamashumi ambalwa (okungadla izigidi eziningi ezengeziwe).Ngakho, yizindaba ezinhle nxazonke. Kodwa impela ngempela le 'umphakathi' ozovuna yonke imivuzo? Eqinisweni, ubunikazi bomhlaba kuqala kwakumelwe kunqunywe ngokwemibandela ye 'Senzo Sokuguqulwa Kwezindawo ezithile zasemaphandleni sika 1998'. Ngaphansi kwalesi senzo, imiphakathi inganquma ukuthi ubunikazi bomhlaba wendawo kufanele ufakwe kwi-Communal Property Association (CPA), inikwe umasipala wendawo, noma ihlukaniswe futhi inikezwe abanikazi abazimele.
Ikusasa Elikhanyayo
Ngo-2002, imiphakathi ehlukahlukene ngaphakathi kweRichtersveld yavotela ukudlulisela ubunikazi bomhlaba ku-CPA owawuzophatha nokuqondisa umhlaba njengomeli wabantu. Le nhlangano isivele isungulwe ngonyaka odlule njenge-Sida! Hub CPA.Ihlanganisa amalungu amadala emadolobheni amane aseRichtersveld, i-Eksteenfontein, Kuboes, Lekkersing naseSanddrif, lapho amalungu amadala kungabantu ngaphezu kweminyaka eyishumi nashiyagalombili abahlala kunoma yimaphi amadolobha iminyaka emihlanu noma ngaphezulu. Inhloso ye-CPA ihlanganisa 'ukuthuthukiswa kwengqalasizinda, ukuthuthukiswa kwezolimo, ukuvakasha, namathuba omnotho okusekela amathuba emisebenzi, nokwakhiwa kwamakhono amalungu ekomidi ukuze bakwazi ukwenza izinqumo ezifanele emphakathini'.
Ukufeza konke lokhu, i-CPA isungule izinkampani ezine ezohwebo ukuze zenze izintshisekelo zazo. Kukhona inkampani yezolimo ezokwakha amapulazi aseMfuleni i-Orange. Ikhamphani yokuvuselela imvelo izoguqula umonakalo owenziwe eminyakeni yokumbiwa kwemayini. Inkampani ephethe izakhiwo izoba nombopho wokuqasha izindlu e-Alexander Bay. Futhi kunenkampani yezimayini ezolawulela umphakathi i-49 phesenti ye-Alexcor.
Imali evela kulawo makampani amane ingena enkampanini yentuthuko kanye nemali ezisisiwe. Isigaba ngasinye se-CPA sinomqondisi womphakathi, owodwa kusuka edolobheni ngalinye, kanye nabaqondisi abazimele abakhethwe yi-CPA noma abaphathiswa bayo. I-Richtersveld Community Conservancy nayo yasungulwa ukuze iqondise ukuvakasha kanye nemisebenzi yemvelo ye-CPA. Ngakho, ikusasa libukeka likhanya kwabakwa-Richtersvelders.
Intuthuko Eziningana
Kunezentuthuko ezihloselwe i-Ritchersveld. I-Alexcor ekhathazekile iseduze nokuvuselelwa futhi izingxoxo zenzeke kokubili; i-De Beers neTranshex ukusebenzelana ekusikeni nokuhlanganiswa kwedayimani okuzokwenza imisebenzi. I-Sida! Hub CPA iphinde iqale amaphrojekthi amaningi okuthuthukiswa. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuthuthukiswa kwengqalasizinda kanye nezinsizakalo zomphakathi, ukuboleka imali kwamabhizinisi amancane kanye nesikole sezolimo.Yiqiniso, izinhlelo zokuvakasha ziphezulu kakhulu ohlelweni futhi isilondolozi simatasa ekuthuthukiseni izikhungo zezivakashi, iminyuziyamu kanye nemisebenzi eminingi yokuthakazelisa. Ngakho, phuma lapho uvakashele i-Richtersveld. Akulona uhambo nje olumangalisayo, kungumthelela osebenzayo ekuzalweni kabusha komphakathi owahlaselwa kakhulu.Translated by Nsika Khoza