Vaaki va Richtersveld
Endzhawini ya Richtersveld, Sida !hub Communal Property Association (CPA) yisimekiwe kuva yita nghenisa swikoxo swa misava eka Alexcor property, leyinga engetelela kwalomu ka 85 000 hectares etlhelo ka coast exikarhi ka Port Nolloth na Alexander Bay. Leswi swinghenisiwe ximfumo kunga se fika siku leri ari vekiwile ra 31 December 1998 kutani xiya yingiseriwa hi Land Claims Court hi 2000.Vanghenisi va xikoxo lexi akuri vaaki na lava khumbekaka vandzhawu liya, lava vuriwaka, Richtersveld community, Kuboes community, Sanddrift community, Lekkersing community, Eksteenfontein community xikan’we na swirho swa vadyuhari va Richtersveld Community. Kuya hi nkoka wa xikoxo, xilweriwile swinene hiva Alexcor Limited na mfumo wa tiko ra Afrika Dzonga.
Valweri va xikoxo (Alexcor na mfumo) vahoxe hinkwaswo leswi avari na swona eka vaaki va Richtersveld. Akuvuriwa leswaku avangari vaaki va ntiyiso; kuvuriwa leswaku avanga tshami eka yona ndzhawu leyi kambe avari vahloti lava avatshamela kurhurha; leswaku vatsoniwe misava hikuva kuya hi 1847 annexation ya Namaqualand leyi ayi wela ehandle ka siku rohetelela ra 1913. Hambi leswi matshalatshala lawa hinkwawo yanga tirhangiki kuva vakuma nseketelo kusuka eka muchuchisi, xiboho xa khoto xa lembe ra 2001 xivule leswaku xikoxo lexi axinga hanyi. Leswi aswivangiwa hileswaku khoto yikume leswaku vaaki avanga susiwanga eka misava leyi kuya hi ‘racially discriminatory laws’, tani hileswi na van’wamapurasi va valungu na van’wana ava susiwile himaendlelo yalawa.
Hiku Yima na Vaaki
Xiboho xexo sivuye xingheniseriwa appeal naswona Supreme Court of Appeal yi cince xiboho xa Land Court, laha kunga kumeka leswaku ku rhurha ka vona aswisukela eka yona milawu leyi naswona aswivangiwe hiku pfumaleka ka nhluvuko, loku aku khumba rixaka ra vona, na leswaku vanhu va Richtersveld avangari na timfanelo eka timhaka ta misava. Rhengu ravumbirhi ra ti Richtersvelders.Kambe Alexcor na mfumo va nghenise appeal e henhla ka appeal kutani vayisa nandzu lowu eka Constitutional Court. Laha ConCourt nayona yinga teka xiobho xaku yima na vaaki kutani misava leyi yitlheriseriwa eka vinyi vayona kunga vanhu vale Richtersveld hi lembe ra 2003. Malembe yotala ya njhekanjhekisano yalandzerile kufikela hi April 2007, laha ntwanano wunga fikeleriwa exikarhi ka Alexcor na vaaki va Richtersveld.
Kutani mavhiki nyana loko mhaka leyi yingase yisiwa e Land Claims Court kuva yiya tshamisekisiwa, ntlawa lowu awunga tsakangi wati Richtersvelders wutise xivilelo ehenhla ka ntwanano lowu awu sayiniwile. Kuna swiviko swaleswaku akuri na swiphiqo mayelana na milawu yin’wana leyi vaaki avanga tivisiwanga hi yona xikan’we na vuxokoxoko bya ntwanano lowu.
Ntirho wa Kahle
Kuringana mavhiki nyana ya nkelu nkelu, aswilanguteka onge kuta tika swinene. Kambe mbhurisano wale kuheteleleni wuvuye wu tisa swintshunxo eka swiphiqo leswi naswona hiti 9th ta October 2007, Land Claims Court Judge Antonie Gildenhuys utiyisisile kucinciwa loku akuri kona eka ntwanano lowu. Nyimpi leyi ya xinawu yitekile kuringana kwalomu ka 10 ra malembe naswona swidurhele mfumo kutlula R50 million, kambe ekuheteleleni vaaki va Richtersveld va humelerile.Hiti 1st ta December 2007, Public Enterprises Minister Alec Erwin (loyi ari yena anyikiwe matimba yaku lwela xikoxo lexi) xikan’we na Land Affairs Minister Lulu Xingwana vanyikele ximfumu ti title deeds eka vurhangeri bya vaaki va Richtersveld.
Ntwanano Wohetelela
Ntwanano wohetelela, lowu durhaka kutlula R440 million, wukongomisiwe eka kuvuyerisa vaaki eka tidayimani letinga ceriwa eka misava ya vona. Wu tlhela wu langutisa eka vumundzuku bya vaaki laha wutisaka nhluvuko eka vaaki hi swa timali. Xankoka ngopfu, kungava, leswaku va tekela enhlokweni ximfumo eka timfanelo ta misava ta vaaki va Richtersveld rosungula eka matimu. Hi ndlela leyi, nyimpi ya nawu ayi tlula mali. Ayiri ku nyika vaaki va Richtersveld vuti nyungubyisi eka ndzhavuko wa vona naswona leswi swipfuxelele ndzhavuko lowu awu tsan’wiwile kuringana nkarhi woleha.Hiku komisa, ntwanano lowu wa Alexcor awu tshame hi ndlela leyi: Leswaku mfumo wuta nyikela kutlula 194 600 ha wa misava, kukatsa na 84 000 ha ya nkoka ya ndzhawu ya dayimani etlhelo ka coast xikanwe na xiphemu xa misava etlhelo ka nambu wa Orange River, lexi sweswi xingana mapurasi ya citrus, oyster nati ostrich. Wuta tlhela wunyika vaaki ntsengo wa mali ya ndziriso lowu fikaka eka R190 million kukatsa na grant ya R50 million.
Tlhandla kambirhi, vaaki va Richtersveld na Alexcor vata nghenelela ntwanano wa ntirhisano e mayini laha vaaki vangatava na xiphemu xa 49% xa minkavelo. Xiphemu lexi xantwanano lowu axi tsakisi kuya hi leswi xitwarisaka xiswona hikuva Alexcor ayiri eku lahlekeriweni hi mali kuringana nkarhi woleha. Hambi swiritano, nthsamiseko wa ntwanano wuta pfumelela mfumo ku vekisa kwalomu ka R200 billion eka nongonoko watimali lowu awu laveka swinene.
Ku Cinca
Kahari na swotala! Doroba leringa ra Alexcor ra Alexander Bay rita cinciwa riva ra vaaki, naswona Alexcor yita hakela ntsengo wa R45-million kupfumelela vatirhi kuva vatirha kona kuringana 10 ra malembe lawa ya landzelaka. Kukatsa, hikhensa mintirho ya swirho leswi swa vaaki, swilo hinkwaswo leswi Alexcor ayifanele yi swiendla aswi tiyisisiwile hi mfumo, ngopfu ngopfu loko swita eka mfpuxelelo wa misava endzhaku ka malembe lawa yotala ya mayini (leswi aswita durha mamiliyoni yotala).Leswi hinkwaswo i mahungu yakahle swinene. Kambe kahle kahle, xana vaaki vata vuyeriwa hi yini ke eka ntwanano lowu? Vun’winyi bya misava abyi fanele kusungula byi andlariwa e hansi kuya hi ‘Transformation of Certain Rural Areas act of 1998’. E hansi ka nawu lowu, vaaki ava fanele ku teka xiboho eka vun’winyi bya khale ka misava ya ‘coloured reserve’ laha xikoxo axifanele ku nghenisiwa na Communal Property Association (CPA), kuva yinyikiwa masipala wa ndzhawu liya kumbe yi pandziwa yinyikiwa vaaki.
Vumundzuku byo Antswa
Hi 2002, vaaki votala lava kumekaka e Richtersveld vahlwule leswaku vun’winyi bya misava byi yisiwa eka CPA leyingatava nwinyi naku fambisa misava leyi hiku yimela vaaki. Nhlangano lowu awuri kona kusukela eka lembe leri hundzeke tani hi Sida !Hub CPA. Awu katsa munhu un’wana na unwana lonkulu wa vaaki va madorobaya mune yale Richtersveld lawa kunga Eksteenfontein, Kuboes, Lekkersing na Sanddrif, laha swirho swa lavakulu swivulaka munhu loyi anga e henhla ka malembe ya 18 loyi anga tshama eka rinwana ra madoroba lawa kuringana ntlhanu wa malembe kumbe kutlula. Xikongomelo xa CPA xikatsa ku hluvukisa ndzhawu, eka swavurimi, vupfhumba naku hluvukisa ikhonomi naku seketela ku endla mintirho naku endla leswaku vaaki vata teka swiboho swakahle hiku yimela vaaki.Ku fikelela leswi hinkwaswo, CPA ayi simeke tikhampani ta mune to xavisa kuva titirhana na swilaveko swa vona. Kuri na leyinga langutana na swavurimi etlhelo ka nambu wa Orange River. Ya kupfuxelela mbango leyi ayi langutane na ku onhaka lokunga endliwa hi mayini. Ya swa vumaki leyi ayi langutane na ku hirisiwa ka tiyindlu e Alexander Bay. Kuva na leyi langutanaka na swa mayini leyi ayita langutana na xiave xa vaaki xa 49% eka Alexcor.
Mbuyelo lowu humaka eka tikhamphani leti ta mune awuya eka development company xikan’we na trust ya vaaki. Xiyenge xinwana na xinwana xa CPA xina vurhangeri kusuka eka vaaki, wun’we kusuka eka doroba rin’we, xikan’we na murhangeri wotiyimela hiyexe loyi athoriweke hi CPA kumbe trustees. Richtersveld Community Conservancy yisimekiwile kuvona migingiriko ya swa vupfhumba na timhaka ta mbango eka CPA. Se, vumundzuku byilanguteka kahle eka ti Richtersvelders.
Nhluvuko Nyana
Kuna makungu yo hlaya ya nhluvukiso e Richtersveld. Alexcor leyinga eku xanisekeni yilava ku pfuxeleriwa naswona mburisano wukona e xikarhi ka De Beers na Transhex kuva tikatsiwa tiva xilo xin’we kuta simeka feme yo tsema dayimani nakuyi hlantswa leswaku kutava na mintirho. Sida !Hub CPA nayona yisungule ti projeke ta nhluvukiso. Leswi swikatsa ku pfuxeleriwa ka miako na vukorhokeri bya vaaki, kulombiwa mali eka van’wamabindzu lawantsono, vanhu na swikolo swa vurimi.Swaboha leswaku mintirho yavupfhumba kuva yona leyi fambaka e mahlweni eka makungu lawa naswona nhlayiso wule ku kuriseni ka ndzhawu ya vuyeni, museums na migingiriko yin’wana ya vupfhumba. Se, tlakuka uvhakela ndzhawu ya Richtersveld. Akova ntsena ntokoto wonyanyula wa vupfhumba ntsena, kambe i ku hoxa xandla eka kupfuxiwa ka ndzhawu ya vaaki leyi ayi tsan’wiwile.Translated by Ike Ngobeni