Indawo Yokuhlala yase Richtersveld
eRichtersveld, iSida hub Communal Property Association (CPA) yaqulunyelwa ukubanga umhlaba wakwa Alexcor, owa noniswa nge hectare ezingama 85 000 elwandle Phakathi lwe Port Nolloth ne Alexander Bay. Oku kwafakwa ngokuse sikweni phambi komhla obekiweyo we 31 December 1998 ze samanyelwa yinkudla yokubanga imihlaba ngo 2000.Abamangali kwelityala yayingabahlali abasuka kwindawo engqongileyo kunye nabanye abanomdla, indawo yase Richtersveld, indawo yase Kuboes, indawo yase Sanddrift, indawo yase Lekkersing, indawo yase Eksteenfontein namalungu amadala wendawo yase Richtersveld. Ngenxa yokubaluleka kweli lungelo, yachaswa yi Alexcor Limited norhulumente wo Mzantsi Afrika.
Abasolwa (i-Alexcor norhulumente) balahla konke ababenako kubantu base Richtersveld. Kwakusithiwa abangabo abahlali bokwenene;okokuba umhlaba ‘abawufumenanga‘ umhlaba ukuze bahlale kuba beqhelekile; okokuba babevinjwa umhlaba ngenxayokuba ngo 1847 wathabathwa ngenkani eNamaqualand eyawela ngaphandle kwemini 1yango913 eyayiyimini yokugqibela.
Nangona zonke ezinzame azizange ziphumelele ukufumana inkxaso yaba gwebi, isigwebo sango 2001 sagqiba okokuba babengena Lungelo. Oko kwakungenxa yokuba inkundla yafumanisa okokuba abahlali abasuswanga kumhlaba ngenxa ‘yemithetho ecalucalulayo’, kuba amafama amhlophe nababe ncwase lomhlaba babesuswe ngendlela efanayo.
Ukuvumelana Nabahlali
Okwafunyaniswayo kwenziwa isicelo kwinkundla iSupreme Court of Appeal yabhukuqa isigqibo senkundla yemihlaba, ifumanisa okokuba “ukungahoywa kwabo kwabangenxa yokucalulwa ngoko buhlanga kwaye yaqhubeka ngenxa yamazwi athi kuba bengaphucukanga, kwaye uhlanga lwabo lwalu bandakanyeka, abantu base Richtersveld babe ngenamalungelo kumba womhlaba”. Umnikelo wesibini wabantu base Richtersveld.Kodwa uAlexcor norhulumente bacela isicelo bayisa kwinkundla yesiseko Mthetho. Inkundla yesiseko Mthetho yafumanisa okokuba ivumelana nabahlali, kwaye umhlaba de wanikezwa ekugqibeleni kubantu base Richtersveld ngo 2003. Iminyaka eminzi yengxoxo yalandela de yabangu April 2007, kwafikelelwa kwisivumelwano Phakathi kwe Alexcor nabahlali base Richtersveld.
Iiveki phambi kokuba konke oku kuye kwinkundla yokubanga ezemihlaba ukuze ivunywe okokugqibela, iqela elivukelanayo lase Richtersveld lafaka isikhalazo ngesi sivumelwano sele sityikityiwe. Kubonakala okokuba kwabakho imiqolo yesivumelwano eyaba yingxaki, kwabakho iintetha ezithi hayi bonke abahlali baxelelwe nge nkcukacha zesivumelwano.
Imini Emnandi
Iiveki ezimbalwa zazinzima, kwakubonakala okokuba kungahamba kakuhle. Kodwa iingxoxo zomzuzu wokugqibela zakwazi ukusombulula lengxaki kwaye ngomhla we 9 October 2007, kwinkundla yeze mihlaba umantyi uAntonie Gildenhuys wagqina isiqingatha sesivumelwano esitsha. Elityala lalithathe phantse iminyaka elishumi urhulumente watyeka imali engapha kwe 50 million, kodwa abantu base Richtersveld babesele bephumelele.Ngomhla wokuqala (1 December 2007), umphathiswa we Public Enterprises uElec Erwin (owayeyindoda eyayinoxanduva loku chasa esisicelo) nomphathiswa wezemihlaba uLulu Xingwana banikeza ngokuse sikweni nge siqinisekiso sokuba ngabanikazi bomhlaba (title deed) kwiinkokheli ze Richtersveld.
Ukubhatalwa kwe Mali
Ukubhatalwa kwe mali, engapha kwe R440 million, injongo kukunikeza abahlali ithuba lokuba bakwazi ukulungisa iidayimani zonke ezigrunjwe emhlabeni wabo. Ijonge nekamva ngokuthi inikeze isiseko senkululeko yezezimali ukuze kwakhiwe kwiminyaka ezayo. Okubalulekileyo, mhlawumbi, kukuvunywa kwamalungelo omhlaba kubantu base Richtersveld okokuqala kwimbali yale mihla. Udabi lomthetho lalingapha kwe mali, lalingokunikeza abantu base Richtersveld ukuzithemba okutsha kwinkcubeko yabo, oku sele kudale ukuvuselelwa kwamasiko ayesele etyeshelwe.Ngamafutshane, iinkcukacha zesivumelwano se Alexcor ziyalandela: urhulemente uzakunikeza umhlaba ongama 194 600 hectar, kuquka i84 000 ye hectare kwindawo yedayimane ngase mlanjeni, kunye necwecwe lomhlaba otyebileyo ngakwi Orange River, exhasa icitrus, oyster kunye nefama ze ostrich. Izakunikeza abahlali ‘imali yokulungisa’ engange R190 yezigidi zerandi/million kunye nesibonelelo sokulungisa semali engange zigidi ezingama 50 million.
Ngaphezu koko, Richtersveld ne Alexcor zizakungena kwisivumelwano sase zimayini, apho abahlali bazaku bano 49% wenzala. Lena ke indawo kwisivumelwano ayimnandanga njengoko kubonakala ukuba iAlexcor ibilahlekelwa yimali iminyaka emininzi. Kodwa ke ukuzinza kwemali kuzakuvumela urhulumente afake ukuyokuma kuma R200 ye billion kwinkqubo edingekayo yokulungisa kwakhona.
Utshintsho
Kwabakho okuninzi! Idolophu ephantsi kwe Alexcor yase Alexander Bay iyakuthunyelwa kubahlali, kwaye i-Alexcor izakubhatala imali engange 45 million ukuvumela abasebenzi bahlale iminyaka elishumi ezayo. kwaye kubulelwa iinzame zabahlali abaqhanqalazayo, ngoku zonke izinyanzeliso ze Alexcor zingaphantsi kuka rhulumente, ingakumbi malunga noku buyisela umhlaba ulinywe emveni kweminyaka engapha kweshumi yemigodi (oku kungabiza ezinye izigidi ezongeziweyo).Lilonke, zindaba ezimnandi jikelele. Kodwa kanye ngobani ‘abahlali’ abazakuzuza yonke imivuzo okokuqala umnini mhlaba kwakufuneka kuchaziwe ngoko ‘Tshintsho lwemithetho yee lali ka 1998’. Ngaphantsi kwalomthetho. Abahlali babezigqibela okokuba ubuphathi ‘kwabantu bebala’ komhlaba kufuneka kufakwe nombutho we Communal Property Association (CPA), onikezwe umasipala, okanye wohlulwa nokuba unikwe abanikazi abazimeleyo.
Ikamva Eliqaqambileyo
Ngonyaka ka 2002, iindawo zokuhlala ezohlukileyo zase Richtersveld zavotela ukunikeza umhlaba kwi CPA eyayizakuwubanga kwaye iwulawule umhlaba endaweni yabantu. Elisebe lalisele liqulunyiwe kunyaka odlulileyo njenge sida Hub CPA. Iiquka bonke abadala kwidolophu ezine zase Richtersveld ezilandelayo:Eksteenfontein, Kuboes, Lekkersing ne Sanddrif, apho abantu abadala ingabo bangapha kweminyaka elishumi elinesibhozo, othe wahlala kwezidolophu iminyaka emihlanu nangaphezulu. Injongo ye CPA iquka ‘ukulungisa izixhobo, ukuphuhliswa kwezolimo,ezondwendwelo, amathuba ezorhwebo ukuseka nokwenza imisebenzi, nokuqinisa amalungu ekomiti ukuze benze izigqibo ezilungileyo endaweni yabantu bendawo’.
Ukuze kuzuzwe konke oku, i-CPA isungule iinkampani ezine zokuthengisa ukuze ziqhube ngokomdla wabantu. Kwaye kukho inkampani yezolimo ezakuphuhlisa amafama ngakwi Orange River. Inkampani esebenza nezangaphandle izakubuyisela umonakalo owenziwe yiminyaka yezase mgodini. Inkampani yezezindlu izakuba yiyo enoxanduva loku rentisa izindlu eAlexander Bay. Kwaye ikhona inkampani ezakusebenza nabantu bendawo ukusebenzisa u49% kwi Alexcor.
Ingeniso yezi nkampani zine, izakuya kwinkampani yokwakha okanye uphuhliso kunye nengxowa yasekuhlaleni. Cala ngalinye le CPA linabaphathi basekuhlaleni, omnye kwi dolophu nganye, kunye nabaphathi abazimeleyo abaqashwe yi CPA okanye abasebenzisana nayo. Indawo yase Richtersveld yezokonga (Conservancy) yasekwa okokuba ijonge ezokundwendwela kwamazwe ngamazwe kunye nezomhlaba ze CPA. Lilonke, Ikamva likhangeleka liqaqambile kubantu base Rihtersveld.
Iindlela Ezininzi Zophuhliso
Kuninzi okwezophuhliso okucwangcisiweyo kwindawo yase Richtersveld. i-Aexcor eqhwalelayo izakuvuselelwa kwaye iingxoxo sele zibanjiwe nenkampani yakwa De Beers no Transhex ukuqulunqa kwaye nokuseka indawo yokusika idayimani zilungiswe, lendawo izakwenza imisebenzi. Indawo yase iSida Hub CPA kukhona exakeke kuko ngokwe projekthi. Kuquka ukulungisa kwenkonzo ezifana nezendlela kunye nezentlalakahle. Imali mboleko yokuqala ishishini kubantu abenza amashishini asemancinci, kunye nesikolo sezolimo.Inzame zezokhenketho zaziphezulu kwimiba yokuxoxwa kwaye kwenziwa indawo zabakhenkethi, namaziko embali kunye noluhlu lwezinto zokwenza zabakhenkethi. Lilonke, phuma undwendwele iRichtersveld. Akuphelelanga nje kuba iluhambo, yinkxaso yakho ukuvuselela indawo ebisele itshabalele.
Translated by Zikhona Plaatjie