Ijusi yezithelo nemifino yindala kunokulima uqobo. Abantu abazingelayo baqoqe izithelo ezivuthiwe emikhunjini elula eyenziwe ngezinto ezenziwe ngezinto eziphilayo futhi ngokuhambisa lezi zithelo ezivuthiwe, kukhiqizwe ujusi futhi kuvame umkhiqizo ovuthiwe (isb. Newayini) noma umkhiqizo oxidised (isb. Uviniga).
Ngokwenza izindlela ezithuthukile zokwenziwa kwamathuluzi kwavela izindlela eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu zokukhiqiza ijusi futhi ngalokhu, iziqukathi zavela.
Ukulungiswa kwejusi namuhla kufaka ukuhlela ngokucophelela kwezolimo, ukuphathwa okufanele kwezithelo nemifino, ukuhlanzeka okufanele nokuphepha kokudla nokupakishwa okusebenzayo, ukugcinwa, ukugcinwa nokuhanjiswa.
Izithelo ezithandwa kakhulu ngejusi yezithelo ingolintshi, i-apula, amagilebhisi nophayinaphu. Ujusi wamatamatisi notamatisi baxubha bangaphezulu kwamaphesenti angama-90 abathengisi bezithelo ezingezithelo.
Ijusi eNingizimu Afrika
E-Ningizimu Afrika, iSouth African Fruit Juice Association (SAFJA) yeseka ukuthuthukiswa kanye nokuphromotha imboni yezithelo zezithelo eNingizimu Afrika futhi ihlose ukukhuphula ukusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo yayo futhi ikhuthaze ukukhula komkhakha.
I-Ningizimu Afrika icubungula cishe amathoni ayizigidi eziyinkulungwane yezithelo ezintsha emikhiqizweni yejusi lapho i-apula igxila kanye nojusi wewolintshi okuyimikhiqizo ekhiqizwa kakhulu. Ezinye izithelo ezisetshenziselwa ujusi eNingizimu Afrika zingamagilebhisi, uphayinaphu, imango nezithelo eziwubukhazikhazi ezinjengamapheya namapheya.
Cishe ama-40% amajusi aseNingizimu Afrika athunyelwa ezwekazini lase-Afrika, okuthekelisa kwamanye amazwe kuya nakubathengi bamazwe omhlaba wonke ngendlela yokugxila ngobuningi nasekufakweni kwezitolo.
Ukukhiqizwa kweJusi Yomhlaba
Ukukhiqizwa kwejusi lomhlaba kukhule eminyakeni eyishumi edlule namazwe asathuthuka anikela ngamaphesenti angaphezu kwama-60 okuthengiswa kwewusi yezithelo. Lokhu kufaka phakathi iVietnam (amajusi asezindaweni ezishisayo nejusi yophayinaphu), i-Egypt (ujusi wewolintshi), iPhilippines (amanzi kakhukhunathi kanye nejuzi le-pineapple eligxiliwe) nePeru (amajusi asezindaweni ezishisayo anjengezithelo zothando).
Kodwa-ke, i-India ingelinye labakhiqizi besibili ngobukhulu emhlabeni bezithelo nemifino, kepha yi-1.5% kuphela esetshenziselwa ukucubungula futhi kubhekeke ukuthi cishe yi-20% elahlekile ngenxa yokuphangwa.
I-Yurophu iyona engenisa enkulu kunazo zonke (55%) yamajusi ezithelo neCentral and Eastern Europe kanye nePoland ekhula njengabahambisi bejusi.
I-Brazil, umakhiqizi omkhulu we-citrus, futhi ungumkhiqizi omkhulu kakhulu wejusi wamawolinshi futhi wenza ama-25% womkhiqizo womhlaba. I-USA ingeyesibili emakethe yezithelo zamawolintshi. Ukukhiqizwa kukajusi we-orange kulinganiselwa ukuthi kwehle ngo-24% kuya kumathani ayizigidi eziyi-1,6 (2017/18) ngenxa yokushoda kwamawolintshi ukuthi kucutshungulwe eBrazil naseMelika.
I-China nePoland ngabathengisi abaphezulu be-apple juice ngenkathi iJalimane ingumngenisi omkhulu wejusi ye-apula. I-Argentina ingumkhiqizi oholayo wejusi yamagilebhisi emhlabeni.
I-Poland ingumkhiqizi obalulekile we-raspberry, i-blackberry, i-blackcurrant emnyama ne-Aronia pulp ne-puree, esetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza imikhiqizo ebizwa ngokuthi yi-superfruit juice.
Amajusi exotic anjengemango, ikhabe, ne-kiwi aya ethandwa kakhulu futhi umkhuba okhulayo wokudla imifino udale ukwanda kokuxubha kwezithelo zemifino okufaka isanqante, i-beetroot, ikhukhamba, isipinashi, i-kale, iparsley neminye imifino nemifino.
Izinzuzo Zenqubo yeJusi
Ngaphandle kokuba ngumthombo we-fluid, ujusi wezithelo unikeza amavithamini kanye namaminerali kufaka phakathi amavithamini B no-C, folate, potassium kanye nama-antioxidants ekudleni. Ijusi lingahlanganiswa futhi futhi licetshiswe ngezakhi zomzimba noma ngama-phytochemicals ukukhulisa inani layo lokudla. Imvamisa, ukuxubana kwejusi yezithelo kubuye kube nokunambitheka okuthe xaxa kunezithelo ngokwazo futhi kulula kakhulu kunokudla isithelo sonke.
Inqubo yejusi futhi iyindlela ephumelela kakhulu yokusebenzisa izithelo ezingenasici nezingenawo umkhuba ongemuhle noma ezingathandeki ukuthengisa esitolo sokuthengisa.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, inqubo kajusi ingangezela inzuzo ebhizinisini lokulima futhi iyindlela yokusebenzisa ukukhiqiza kakhulu. Izodinga izinsiza ezengeziwe kanye nendawo yokugcina, ukubanda, ukusebenza kanye nokupakisha.
Translated by Nsika Khoza