Ku endla juzi hi mihandzu na matsavu I ntirho lowunga sungula khale swinene kutlula vurimi hibyoxe. Rixaka ra vanhu va Hunter-gatherer ari hlengeleta mihandzu leyi vupfeke eka swibye swo olova leswi endliweke hi swilo swa ntumbuluko xikan’we naku fambisa mihandzu leyi vupfeke, swivuyerise juzi naswona hi xitalo ayiri leyi vileke (e.g. wayeni) or oxidised (e.g. vinegar).
Loko kutava ku fike switirhisiwa swa ximanguva lawa kusungule kuva na maendlelo yan’wana yo humelerisa juzi naswona hikokwalaho ka sweswo, kusungule kuva na swibye.
Namunthla maendlelo ya juzi ya katsa nkunguhato wa kahle wa swavurimi, nhlayiso wa kahle endzhaku ka ntshovelo wa mihandzu na matsavu, ku basa loku lulameleke xikan’we na nhlayiseko wa swakudya kukatsa na swibye swa kahle swo chela juzi, nhlayiso na ku fambisiwa.
Mihandzu ya ndhuma swinene yaku endla juzi I malamula, apula, madiriva na xihenge. Juzi ya tamatisi xikan’we na mpfanganyiso wa tamatisi swina kwalomu ka kutlula 90 per cent wa vuxavisi bya juzi leyingariki ya mihandzu.
Juzi eAfrika Dzonga
E-Afrika Dzonga, va South African Fruit Juice Association (SAFJA) vaseketela nhluvukiso naku ndlandlamuxiwa ka tindzhawu ta vumaki bya juzi ya mihandzu e Afrika Dzonga naswona valangutele ku tlakusa kutirhisiwa ka swimakiwa leswi xikan’we naku hlohletela kukula ka tindzhawu leti.
Afrika Dzonga ri humelerisa kwalomuya ka 1 million tons ta mihandzu ya furexe leyi endlaka switirhisiwa swa juzi laha tijuzi ta apula na lamula tinga tona leti humelerisiwaka ngopfu. Yin’wana mihandzu leyi tirhisiwaka eka juzi e Afrika Dzonga I madiriva, xihenge, ti mango nayin’wana leyi fanaka na pyere na mapecisi.
Kwalomu ka 40% wa tijuzi ta Afrika Dzonga ti xaviseriwa eka tiko nkulu ra Afrika, laha tin’wana tiyaka eka vaxavi va matiko yan’wana emisaveni hinkwayo laha ti xaviwaka hi swibye leswikulu kumbe tiri eka swibye leswintsongo.
Vuhumelerisi bya Juzi Emisaveni Hinkwayo
Vuhumelerisi bya juzi emisaveni hinkwayo swi tlakukile eka khume ra malembe lawa ya hundzeke laha matiko lawa yaha hluvukaka yanga hoxa xandla hikwalomu ka kutlula 60 per cent wa juzi leyi xaviseriwaka matiko yale handle. Leswi swikatsa Vietnam (tropical juices na pineapple juice), Egypt (orange juice), Philippines (coconut water na concentrated pineapple juice) xikan’we na Peru (tropical juices tofana na passion fruit).
Hambiswiritano, India rile ka xiyimo xa vumbirhi tani hi muhumelerisi wa mihandzu na matsavu, kambe kova na ntsena kwalomu ka 1.5% leyi tirhisiwaka kuya emahlweni ku humelerisiwa naswona ku ehleketeleriwa kwalomu ka 20% leyi lahlekaka hikokwalaho kaku onheka.
Europe hirona muxavi nkulu (55%) wa juzi ya mihandzu laha kukatsiwaka Central na Eastern Europe xikan’we na Poland lawa ya kulaka eka ku xavisela matiko yan’wana.
Brazil, hi rona muhumelerisi nkulu wa mihandzu ya citrus, ritlhela riva rona muhumelerisi nkulu wa juzi ya citrus emisaveni hinkwayo naswona rina kwalomu ka 25% wa vuhumelerisi bya misava hinkwayo. Tiko ra USA rile ka xiyimo xavumbirhi hi makete wa juzi ya citrus. Vuhumelerisi bya juzi ya orange abyi ehleketeleriwa kuva byi hunguteka hikwalomu ka 24% kuya eka 1.6 million tonnes (2017/18) hikwalaho ka ku kayivela ka malamula lawa aya fanele ya tirhisiwa ku endla juzi e Brazil nale United States.
China na Poland ya famba emahlweni emisaveni hinkwayo tani hi vaphakeri va juzi ya apulaloko tiko ra Germany riri muxavi nkulu wa juzi ya apula. Argentina rifamba emahlweni tani hi muhumelerisi nkulu wa juzi ya madiriva e misaveni hinkwayo.
Poland i muhumelerisi wa nkoka swinene wati raspberry, blackberry, black currant na Aronia pulp na puree, leswi tirhisiwaka kuva swihumelerisa switirhisiwa leswi vuriwaka “superfruit juice”.
Ti juzi ta exotic tofana na mango, kalavatla na kiwi tisungula kuva na ndhuma swinene naswona tisungula kutlhela tiva na ndhuma leyikulu naku tsakeriwa ngopfu eka lava dyaka matsavu ntsena leswinga endla leswaku kuva naku tlakuka eka mpfanganyiso wa ti juzi ta matsavu laha kukatsiwaka matsavu yofana na carrot, beetroot, cucumber, spinach, kale, parsley na yin’wana mitsembyana na matsavu.
Swakahle Hiku Endla Juzi
Ehandle ka kuva yi phakela swihalaki, juzi ya mihandzu yi avela hiti vitamins nati minerali leti katsaka vitamins B na C, folate, potassium nati antioxidants eka swakudya. Juzi yinga tlhela yi pfanganyisiwa kutani yifuwisiwa hi swakudya kumbe ti phytochemicals ku engetelela nkoka wa swakudya. Hi xitalo, juzi ya mihandzu leyi pfanganyisiweke yitele nantswo kutlula mihandzu hi yoxe naswona yitala kuva kahle kuyinwa kutlula ku dya mihandzu hi yoxe.
Ku endla juzi i ndlela yakahle swinene yaku tirhisa mihandzu leyinga vumbekangiki kahle leyi ayitava yinga lulamelangi kuya xavisiwa yitetano kumbe ku koka rinoko ra vaxavi e vhengeleni.
Tlhandla kambirhi, ku endla juzi swinga engetela nkoka eka bindzu ra vurimi naswona i ndlela ya kahle yaku tirhisa swibyariwa loko switshoveriwe switele. Kambe leswi swita lava switirhisiwa swo engetelela xikan’we na ndzhawu ya vuhlayisi, ku titimeta, vuhumelerisi xikan’we na switirhisiwa swo chela eka swona.
Translated by Ike Ngobeni