Ukwenziwa kwejuzi ngeenthelo nangemirorho kuyinto yakudala khulu ukudlula namasiko. Abantu bakudAla egade babizwa ngama-hunter gathers bebakha iinthelo ezivuthiweko bazifake ngemavasini enziwe ngamametheriyali a-organic besekuthi nabazithuthako iinthelwezi ezivuthiweko, ziputjuke zikhuphe ijuzi esikhathini esinengi beyibilile (e.g. iwayini) nanyana e-exidised (e.g. imikhiqizo yeviniga).
Ukuthuthuka kokwenziwa kwamathulusi kweza neendlela ezihlakaniphileko zokukhiqiza ijuzi, ngalokhu, kwasombuluka iimmumathi.
Indlela yokwenza amajuzi namhlanjesi kufaka hlangana ukuhlelwa kuhle kwezelimo, ukuphathwa okufaneleko kweenthelo kunyenemirorho ngemva kobana zivuniwe, ukuhlanzeka okufaneleko kunye nokuphepha kokudla nokupakwa kuhle, ukubulunga kunye nokuthuthwa.
Iinthelo ezidume khulu ekwenziwa ngazo amajuzi malamune, ama-abhula, amaderiyibe kunye nepenabhula. Ijuzi yetamati neminye imivango eyenziwe ngetamati ingaphezulu kwe-90 phesenti yerhwebo le-non-fruit juice.
Ijuzi eSewula Afrika
E-Sewula Afrika, i-South African Fruit Juice Association (SAFJA) isekela ukwenziwa nokuthuthukiswa kwe-indastri yamajuzi eSewula Afrika begodu iinqophe ukukhulisa izinga lokudliwa kwemikhiqizo yayo nokukhuthaza ukukhula kwe-indastri.
I-Sewula Afrika iprosesa amathani angaba yi-1 miliyoni weenthelo ezifretjhi ezenziwa umkhiqizo wamajuzi lapho amajuzi avanganiswe nejuzi ye-abhula neyamalamune kumkhiqizo okhiqizwa khulu. Ezinye iinthelo ezisetjenziselwa ukwenza amajuzi eSewula Afrika madireyibe, amapenabhula, imengo kunye nezinye iinthelo ezifana namapiyere kunye namaperegisi.
Hlangana ne-40% yamajuzi weSewula Afrika athengiselwa iinarha zangaphandle ekhontinendini ye-Afrika, eminye yemikhiqizo ithengiselwa abathengi beenarheni zangaphandle ephasini mazombe ngeentundu kunye nangamapaka eentolo.
Wumkhiqizo Wamajuzi Ephasini
Iimkhiqizo yamajuzi ephasini ikhule khulu eminyakeni elitjhumi edlulileko lapho iinarha ezisathuthukako zifake amaphesenti angaphezulu kuka 60 emkhiqizweni yamajuzi athengiselwa iinarha zangaphandle. Iinarhezi zifaka hlangana i-Vietnam (amajuzi wetropiki kunye newepenabhula), i-Egypt (amajuzi welamune), i-Philippines (amanzi wekhokhonadi kunye namajuzi avanganiswe namapenabhula) kunye ne-Peru (amajuzi wetropiki afana ne-passion fruit).
Nomakunjalo, i-India ngenye yeenarha ephasini esebujameni besibili ekhiqiza khulu iinthelo nemirorho, kodwana kubalwa bona iinthelo nemirorho leyo eziprosesiwakoz ingu-1.5% begodu kubalelwa bona i-20% iyalahlwa ngonobangela wokubola.
Inarha ye-Europe ngethenga khulu amajuzi weenthelo kwezinye iinarha (55%) i-Central ne-Eastern Europe kunye ne-Poland ziyakhula njengabathengisi bamajuzi abathengisela iinarha zangaphandle.
I-Brazil, imkhiqizi omkhulu we-citrus, begodu imkhiqizi omkhulu ephasini wejuzi ye-citrus ikhiqiza umkhiqizo ongaba yi-25% yomkhiqizo wephasi. I-USA isebujameni besibili emamakethe akhiqiza ijuzi ye-citrus. Umkhiqizo wejuzi yamalamune wawulinganiswa bona uzokukhula nge-24% ukuya ku-16 miliyoni yamathani (2017/2018) njengomphumela wokutlhayela kwamalamune angaprosesiwa e-Brazil kunye ne-United States.
I-China ne-Poland bathengisi abaphezulu bejuzi yama-abhula besekuthi i-Germany ibe yinarha ethenga khulu ijuzi yama-abhula eenarheni zangaphandle. I-Argentina imkhiqizi okhamba phambili ephasini okhiqiza ijuzi yama-direyibe.
I-Poland imkhiqizi oqakathekileko we-raspberry, ama-blackberry, i-black currant kunye nama-Aronia pulp ne-puree, esetjenziswa ekukhiqizeni imikhiqizo ekuthiwa ma-superfruit juice.
Amajuzi ekuthiwa ma-exotic juices afana newemengo, amakhabe, kunye newamakiwi athoma ukuthandwa khulu begodu nokukhula kokuduma kwesitayela sokudla okuthiwa yi-vegetarianism kulethe ukukhula emajuzini enziwe ngokuvanga imirorho kufaka hlangana amakherotsi, amabhedirude, amakhukhamba, umrorho, umhlobo womrorho obizwa nge-kale, i-parsley kunye neminye imithi nemirorho.
Iinzuzo Zamajuzi
Ngaphandle kokubamthombo wamanzi, amajuzi enziwe ngeenthelo anikela amavithamini namaminerali kufaka hlangana amavithamini B kunye C, i-folate, i-potassium kunye nama-antioxidants ekudleni. Ijuzi ingabuye ivanganiswe izaliswe izakhamzimba nofana ama-phytochemicals ukungezelela i-value yezakhamzimba. Esikhathini esinengi, imivango yamajuzi weenthelo inambitheka kamnandi khulu kunaleyo yeenthelo kwaphela begodu kulula ukusela wona kunokudla isithelo esipheleleko.
Ukwenza amajuzi yindlela elula yokusebenzisa iinthelo ezingakabumbeki kuhle nezinamabala ezingakakulungeli ukuthengiswa nofana ezingaqaleki kuhle bona zingathengiswa eentolo.
Ngokungezelela, ukwenza amajuzi kungezelela i-value emarhwebeni wokulima begodu kuyindlela yokusebenzisa kuhle umkhiqizo omunengi ngokweqileko. Nomakunjalo, izokudinga iinsetjenziswa ezingezelelweko kunye nendawo yokubulunga, ukupholiswa, ukuprosesiwa kunye neensetjenziswa zokupaka.
Translated by Maletsatsi Sejake