Ukumfaxangwa kweziqhamo nemifuno ngenjongo yokwenza isiselo, yinto kudala isenziwa, indala ukogqitha ezolimo. Abazingeli - nabaqokeleli baqokelele iziqhamo ezivuthiweyo kwi veseli eziqhelekileyo ezenziwe. Ngezemveli nokuthi eziziqhamo zihanjiswe xasele zivuthiwe, zivelisa isiselo sejusi kwaye kumaxesha amaninzi isiselo ezivundisiweyo (umzekelo, isiselo somdiliya omfaxangiweyo onxilisayo) okanye umoya (umzekelo, iviniga) ngokwemveliso.
Ekwenziweni kwezixhobo ezisebenzisa, kuze iindlela eziphucukileyo zokuvelisa isiselo, kwaye kulonto iibhotile zoyifaka zatshintsha.
Ukwenziwa kwe jusi kulemihla kuquka ukucwangciswa kwezolimo, ulawulo olulungileyo lokujongana neziqhamo nemifuno emveni kokuvuna, ucoceko olululo kunye nokhuseleko lokutya kunye nokupakisha, ukonga, ukugcina, kunye nokuhambisa ngesithuthi.
Ezona ziqhamo ziqhelekileyo zokwenza isiselo sejusi yi orenji, apile, mdiliya, kunye nepayina. Isiselo sejusi ye tomato kunye nemixube ye tomato zibalela ngapha kwama 90% wentengiso engeyiyo eye siselo.
Isiselo se Jusi eMzantsi Afrika
Kweli lo Mzantsi Afrika, i-South African Fruit Juice Association (SAFJA) ixhasa uphuhliso kunye nenkuthazo yesiselo sejusi seziqhamo kweli lo Mzantsi Afrika kwaye injongo kukonyusa ukusetyenziswa kwemveliso nokukhuthaza ukukhula kwale ntengiso.
Ilizwe lase Mzantsi Afrika lenza malunga nesigidi se toni zemveliso yeziqhamo, apho ke i-apile ne orenji zithi zixutywe njengezona mveliso ziveliswayo. Ezinye iziqhamo ezisetyenziselwa ijusi kweli lo Mzantsi Afrika ngumdiliya, payina, mango, kunye neziqhamo ezifana nama pere nepesika.
Malunga nama 40% kweli lo Mzantsi Afrika weziselo zithengiswa kumazwe angaphandle kwilizwe lase Afrika, neentengiso ezingabathengi bamazwe angaphandle kumazwe jikelele ngebhokisi ezininzi zomxube kunye nakupakisho kwintengiso yempahla.
Imveliso ye Jusi Elizweni
Imveliso ye jusi elizweni ikhule kakhulu kwinkulungwane edlulileyo kumazwe asakhasayo, kwaye kongeza ngapha kwama 60% wentengiso yangaphandle ye jusi. Lamazwe aquka iVietnam (isiselo se jusi exutyiweyo ne jusi yepayina), iYiphutha (Ijusi ye orenji), Philippines (amanzi we khokhonathi kunye nejusi ye payina engxengiweyo) kunye ne Peru (Ijusi exutyiweyo efana ne passion fruit).
Kodwa ke, ilizwe lase Indiya lelinye lesibini elizweni ngokukhulu elivelisa iziqhamo nemifuno, kodwa kuqikelelwa i-1.5% isetyenziswa ukongeza kwaye iqikelelwa kuma 20% ethi ilahleke ngenxa yokonakala.
Ilizwe lase Yurophu lelona likhulu ukuthenga kwamanye amazwe (55%) ye jusi ze ziqhamo zeCentral ne Eastern Europe kunye ne Poland zikhula njengamazwe athengisela ngaphandle ijusi.
Ilizwe lase Brazil, lelona livelisa kakhulu icitrus, ikwa lelona lizwe likhulu livelisa isiselo se jusi ye citrus kwaye ibangamalunga nama 25% wemveliso yelizwe. Ilizwe lase USA lelesibini kwintengiso ye jusi ye citrus. Imveliso yejusi ye orenji kwaqikelelwa okokuba izakwehla ngo24% ukuya ku 1.6 million we toni (2017/18) ngenxa yokungoneli kwe orenji ukuze zenziwe ijusi eBrazil nase United States.
Ilizwe lase China nase Poland ngawona mazwe ahamba phambili kwimveliso ye jusi ye apile, ngexesha iGermany lelona lizwe lithenga ijusi ye apile kakhulu. Ilizwe lase Argentina lihamba phambili kwimveliso yesiselo somdiliya omfaxangiweyo elizweni.
Ilizwe lase Poland lingumvelisi obalulekileyo ekuveliseni iraspberry, blackberry, blackcurrant ne mpuphu ye Aronia kunye ne ncindi, isetyenziswe ukuvelisa iimveliso zesiselo seziqhamo ezinezinongo.
Iziselo ezikudidi eliphezulu ezifana ne mango, watermelon, ne kiwi ziye zaxhaphaka kwaye kuyakhula oku ibasisiqhelo kwabo batya imifuno kunyuse iziselo zeziqhamo ezineminqathe, bhitruthi, tyhukhamba, spinatshi, kale, parsley, neminye imigubo nemifuno.
Uncedo Loku Mfaxanga Iziqhamo
Ngaphandle kokunikeza okungamanzi, isiselo sejusi yesiqhamo inikeza izinongo ne minerali eziquka uvitamini B no C, folate, potassium kunye nezikhuseli mzimba kwindlela yokutya. Isiselo singaxutywa sinikezwe izinongo ne phytochemicals ukunyusa izinongo. Amaxesha amaninzi, isiselo se ziqhamo sejusi eziyimixube zibanencasa kunesiqhamo kwaye zinuka kamnandi ngaphezulu kwesiqhamo kwaye kungcono ukungatyi sonke isiqhamo.
Ukumfaxanga isiselo kungcono kakhulu ukusebenzisa nokususa amabala nesiqhamo ezingemanga ngendlela ezingazukulunga okanye imbonakalo ingekhontle ukuze kuthengiswe evenkileni yentengiso.
Ukongeza, ukumfaxanga isiselo kungongeza umgangatho kulimo kwaye yindlela yokusebenzisa ngapha kwemveliso. Kodwa ke oku kudinga ezinye izixhobo kunye nendawo yokugcina, yokubandisa, yokulungisa kunye nendawo zokupakisha.
Translated by Zikhona Plaatjie