Ukulima amadada ngokukhethekile ukukhiqizwa kwenyama kuyimboni encane kodwa ekhula eNingizimu Afrika. Izinselelo ezingakhula zihlobene nokuphathwa kwezifo (ikakhulukazi umkhuhlane wezinyoni), ukuthuthukiswa kwemakethe, kanye nomncintiswano kwimikhiqizo engeniswayo.
Ukulima amadada ukuze kukhiqizwe phansi kanye nezimpaphe kuyindlela ehlukile yokulima ekukhiqizeni inyama. Imininingwane engezansi ibheka kafushane ukukhiqizwa kwenyama futhi ifaka nokubaluleka kwamanzi kwamadada, noma ngabe kugxile ekukhiqizeni ipulazi.
Izinhlelo Zokufuya Amadada
Amadada wenyama alinywa ngabakhiqizi abambalwa kuphela eNingizimu Afrika, ikakhulukazi ngenhlanganisela yezinqubo zokulima zasendlini nezangaphandle.
Amadada angatshalwa ezindaweni ezinkulu zasendlini njengoba kwenzeka eYurophu nase-UK lapho abalimi bedada kudingeka bahlinzekele udoti (impahla yokumunca ukumunca ukumbiwa) kanye nokufinyelela kumanzi avulekile. E-USA, amadada ikakhulukazi atshalwa ngaphakathi ezindlini anezakhiwo ezenziwe ngezigatshana ezivumela ukuthi okumbele kudlule futhi kusulwe.
Eningizimu Afrika, amadada enyama akhiqizwa ngokuyinhloko ezinhlelweni zokulima ezisetshenziswa mahhala - inhlanganisela yezindawo ezikhulayo zasendlini nezindawo zangaphandle zokugeza nokufela. Empeleni, lokhu kusho ukuthi amadada amadala akhululekile ukuzulazula ngaphandle, ukugeza nokudla, kepha amadada angaphansi kwamasonto amathathu ayagcinwa futhi ondliwe ngaphakathi aze aqine ngokwanele ukuphuma ngaphandle.
Amadada alethwa ezindlini ebusuku njengendlela yokuvikela isimo sezulu esibandayo, izinyamazane kanye nokweba.
Amadada Namanzi
Abakhiqizi abakhathalela inhlalakahle yezilwane zabo kufanele babheke ukuhlanganiswa kwemithombo yamanzi nenhlanzeko efanele. Lokhu ukunciphisa umkhawulo wokukhula kwamagciwane kanye nezimo ezimanzi ezingase ziholele esifweni sonyawo kodwa nokho zinikeze amanzi anele okuvumela ukuzilolonga nokugeza.
Amadada izimbotshana zamanzi ezidinga amanzi. Hhayi kuphela ngokuphuza kodwa futhi nokuzihlanza nokuzigeza. Amanzi asetshenziselwa futhi ukulawula ukushisa komzimba ngezikhathi zokuxineka nokushisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amadada athembela emanzini ukuze agcine izimpaphe zawo zisesimweni esihle futhi agcina amehlo nezinzipho zihlanzekile ngokufaka amakhanda awo ngaphansi kwamanzi.
Amadada aphuza umthamo omkhulu wamanzi lapho edla, futhi njengoba ucwaningo selukhombisile, bakhetha ukwenza lokhu emthonjeni wamanzi ovulekile. Ngenxa yokuphuza kwawo okukhulu kwamanzi, imisele yedada iba manzi. Lokhu kuphumela kwesidingo sokuthola okwanele kokudonswa kwamapeni abo angaphakathi. I-Sawdust inikeza ukufakwa okusebenzayo kokuswakama ngokweqile, noma kunjalo, ungasebenzisi ama-chip amakhulu wezinkuni njengoba lokhu kungalimaza izinyawo zabo zewebhu. Umbhede omanzi ungasetshenziselwa umquba ezingadini zemifino yasekhaya noma epulazini.
Ukulima Namadada
Amadada okulima inyama angathengwa kumfuyi noma angabiwa epulazini. Imvamisa, amadada okuzalela awahlatshwa emakethe yokuthengisa njengoba emdala kakhulu ukuthi angakhiqizwa inyama.
Ukugonywa kwama-ducklings ngokumelene nesifo seNewcastle kuyanconywa, ngisho nasezindaweni ezinamasheya wamahhala wokusebenzisa amakhemikhali. UDkt Andrew van Wijk, udokotela wezilwane, uthe amadada yiwona athwala umkhuhlane wezinyoni (bird flu) futhi kungenzeka angakhombisi zimpawu.
Amadada achitha cishe amasonto amathathu ezindlini ezikhethekile ezilawulwa amazinga okushisa lapho anikezwa khona ukudla okukhethekile okuqala kwama-pellets. Amanzi ahlanzekile nemishini yokuphuza ehlanzekile kubalulekile futhi abaphuza insimbi basebenziswa kahle ukuvikela amadada ekudlaleni emanzini abo okuphuza.
Izimpiko zamazinyane amancanyana azinawo amanzi ngokuphelele nokho futhi lapho zivunyelwe ukugeleza emanzini ajulile, amaphiko angaba manzi kakhulu futhi asindayo okuholela ekumeni kwawo amadada.
Ngemuva kwamasonto amathathu, ukudla kwabo kushintsha kube yilokho okwenziwa ngabatshali bezithelo namadada bavunyelwe ngaphandle ukubhukuda nokuzulazula. Ukudla kwamadada nakho kungahle kufakwe ngemifino. Amadada alungele ukucutshungulwa cishe ezinsukwini ezingama-49 - 52 noma lapho isisindo esingaba phakathi kuka-2.3 no-3.2 kg sifinyelelwa, kuya ngobulili nohlobo lokuzalela. Izinga lokuguqulwa kokuphakelwayo kulonyaka libalelwa ku-2.9 kg feed nge-1 kg yesisindo bukhoma.
Izindleko ezinkulu zokukhiqiza epulazini lamadada zifaka izindleko zamadada, uphethiloli, izindleko zokudla nezokuxhela.
Translated by Nsika Khoza