Ukufuywa kwamadada, ingakumbi afuyelwa imveliso yenyama, iselushishino oluncinci koda olusakhulayo kwilizwe loMzantsi Afrika. Imiceli mngeni ethi ivele, imalunga nolawulo lwezifo (ingakumbi umkhuhlane wee ntaka), ukuphihliswa kwe makethi kunye nokhuphiswano nemveliso ezisuka kumazwe angaphandle.
Ukufuywa kwamadada efuyelwa imveliso yeentsiba kunye noboya obuthambileyo bangaphantsi kweentsiba, yindlela eyohlukileyo kunaleyo yokufuyela imveliso yenyama, le nkcukacha ingezantsi ijonga ngamafutshane imveliso yenyama kwaye iquka nokubaluleko kwamanzi emadadeni, noba iyintoni na injongo yefama malunga nokufuya amadada.
Iindlela Zokufuya Amadada
Amadada afuyelwa inyama, afuywa ngamafama ambalwa kwilizwe loMzantsi Afrika. Inkoliso yala mafama asebenzisa umxube wofuyo lwanga phandle nangaphakathi.
Amadada angafuyelwa kwiindawo ezinkulu ezingaphakathi, njengoko kusenziwa kumazwekazi ase Europe nase UK, nalapho amafama amadada kufuneka abene litter (into efunxa itela) kunye namanzi asendaweni evulekileyo. Emelika, inkoliso yamadada afuyelwa ngaphakathi kwindawo ezinomphantsi owenziwe nge slats, nezenza kubelula ukuba itela ingene phakathi kwazo.
Kwilizwe loMzantsi Afrika, inkoliso yamadada afuyelwa inyama avamise ukufuywa ngendlela eyindalo (free-range). Ngale ndlela amadada ahlala ngaphakathi ukuze akhule, ze indawo ezingaphandle ibezezokudada nokukhangela ukutya. Oku kuthetha ukuba amadada asele ekhulilse angazula zula phandle, adade aqhwaye nokutya emhlabeni. Kodwa amadadana angaphantsi kweeveki ezintathu agcinwa atyiselwe ngaphakathi de abe ayomelela ngokwaneleyo ukuba angaya ngaphandle.
Amadada angeniswa ngaphaakathi ebusuku ukuthintela ukuba angangenwa yingqele, atyiwe zizilwanyana okanye abiwe.
Amadada Kunye Namanzi
Abavelisi abazikhatheleleyo izilwanyana zabo kufanele bajonge umxube wemithombo yamanzi kunye nococeko. Oku kunciphisa ukwanda kweentsholongwane, kwaye iindawo ezimanzi zingakhokelela kwizifo zeenyawo. Kodwa ke, kufuneka kubekho amanzi oneleyo ukuze akwazi ukudada nokuzicoca.
Amadada ziintaka zamanzi ezidinga amanzi. Aziwadingeli nje ukusela kuphela, koko ziwafunela ukuzicoca nokudada. Amadada akwasebenzisa amanzi ukulungelelanisa amaqondo obushushu emzimbeni ngethuba lobushushu noxinzelelo. Ngaphezulu, amadada axhomekeka emanzini ukugcina iintsiba zawo zise mgangathweni kwaye agcina amehlo neempumlo zawo zicocekile ngokuthi amane enkxuza iintloko zawo emanzini.
Amadada asela amanzi amaninzi xa esitya, kwaye njengoko uphando lubonisile, akhetha ukwenza oku kumthombo wamanzi ovulekileyo. Ngenxa yokusela kwawo amanzi amaninzi, itela yamadada ivamise ukuba manzi. Oku kukhokelea kwisidingo semathiriyeli efunxa itela ngokwaneleyo ukuba amadada akhuliselwa ngaphakathi. Umgubo wama planga ukwanceda ekufunxeni ubumanzi kakuhle. Kodwa musa ukusebenzisa iingceba ezinkulu zamaplanga, njengoko oku kunokulimaza iinyawo zawo. Umandlalo omanzi ungasetyenziswa njengomgquba kwizitiya zemifuno zasekhaya okanye kwi fama.
Ukufuya Amadada
Amantshontsho amadada afuyelwa inyama angathengwa kuma fama ashishina ngamantshontsho okanye kumadada efama leyo. Amaxeasha amaninzi, amadada azalayo awaxhelelwa ukuthengiselwa iivenkile zokutya, kuba aba madala ukuba angavelisa inyama esemgangathweni.
Kuyakhuthazwa ukuba amantshontsho agonyelwe isifo se Newcastle, nkqu nakwii ndawo ezikhulisa amadada ngokwendalo (free-range), kunye nezo zikholwa kukusebenzisa iikhemikhali ezimbalwa kufuyo lwazo. Dr Andrew van Wijk, nongu gqirha weenkukhu namadada, wacacisa ukuba amadada evamise ukuthwala umkhuhlane weentaka (avian influenza). Ukwachaze ukuba amaxesha amaninzi amadada anesi sifo aye angabonisi mpawu.
Amantshontsho amadada achitha malunga neeveli ezintathu kwiindawo ezinobushushu obulawulwayo, nalapho atyiswa ukutya okukhethekileyo okulungele wona. Amanzi acocekileyo kunye nezixhobo zokusela zibalulekile. Kwaye kuvamise ukusetyenzisa iinkonkxa ezinemilomo emincinane ukuze amantshontsho angadlali ngamanzi awo okusela.
Amaphiko amantshontsho aselula awekakhuseleki emanzini, ngoko ke ukuba ayekwe engana enzulwini yamanzi, amaphiko asenokuba manzi kakhulu ze asinde, nto leyo inokukhokelela ekubeni amantshontsho arhaxwe.
Emva kweeveki ezintathu, ukutya kwawo kuyatshintsha kube kokwa madada asakhulayo. Kwaye amadada akhutshelwa ngaphandle ukuba adade azula zule. Ukutya kwamadada kusenokongezwa nangohlaza. Amadada alungela ukuxhelwa xa enentsuku ezingama 49 - 52 days okanye xa enobunzima obuphakathi kwe 2.3 kunye ne 3.2 kg. Oku kuxhomekeka kwisini kunye nendidi leyo yedada. Xa sele engaka, ukutya okuyi 2.9 kg kwanela idada elinobunzima obuyi 1kg.
Ezona ndleko zemveliso kufuyo lwamadada ziquka indleko zokuthenga amantshontsho, amafutha enqwelo, ukutya kunye neendleko zokuxhela.
Translated by Zizipho Silwana