Ama-raspberry adabuka e-Asia, eNyakatho Melika naseYurophu. Bebelokhu bejatshulelwa eGrisi kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo. INkosi u-Edward I ngangiqala ukubiza ukuthi kutshalwe la majikijolo, okuholele ekutheni izingadi zaseBrithani zigcwele izihlahla ezi-raspberry ngekhulu le-13. Ngekhulu le-18, ukukhiqizwa kwase kwanda kulo lonke elaseYurophu.
Amajikijolo kwakubhekwa njengokudla kokunethezeka isikhathi eside, ngoba yisicebi kuphela esasingakwazi ukukhokha la majikijolo angavamile. NgeNkathi Ephakathi, yayivele inokusebenzisa okuningi njengendlela yokwelapha, yokwelapha kanye ne-colourant.
Kungenzeka ukuthi i-raspberry enezinhloso eziningi yathatha igama laso ewayinini elimibalabala elinombala obizwa ngokuthi ama-raspeys. Kukholakala ukuthi igama lesiJalimane elithi 'raspoie' elisho ukuqina, noma igama lesiNgisi elithi 'rasp' - ngokubhekisele endaweni engemnandi ye-berry, kungenzeka ukuthi ligqugquzele igama le-berry njengoba silazi namuhla.
Ukukhiqizwa Kwamanye Amazwe
Ukukhiqizwa kwamazwe omhlaba sekucishe kwaphindeka kabili kusuka ngo-2007, ngenxa yabathengi aba ngabona impilo futhi ama-raspberries abonakala njenge-superfood. Abakhiqizi abakhulu kunabo bonke, njengoba kubikwe yi-International Raspberry Organisation yiPoland, iSerbia, iChile neChina.
IPoland yayinamahektha angama-26 000 ngonyaka ka-2016, ithela amathani angama-120 000 amajikijolo kumathani ayi-4,5 ngehektha elilodwa, kanti iSerbia yayinamahektare ayi-15 000 lapho kwakhiqizwa khona lapho ethela amathani ayi-110 000 amajikijolo kumathani ayi-5.6/ha. Ngo-2019, iChina yaba nama-15 000 ha akhiqiza ama-75 000 amajikijolo kumathani ayi-5/ha. IChile yayinamahektha angama-9 000 ayakhiqizwa, ikhiqiza amathani angama-36 000 amajikijolo kumathani ayi-4/ha.
Izwe laseMelika, futhi elingumdlali omkhulu, laba namahektha angama-4 200 ngonyaka ka-2018, okhiqiza amathani angama-48 000 amajikijolo cishe kumathani ayi-11/ha. Iningi lalawa majikijolo akhiqizwa eCalifornia.
Ukukhiqiza Kwendawo
Ngenkathi umkhiqizo ukhula eNingizimu Afrika, imboni isencane futhi kunabakhiqizi abambalwa kuphela ababalelwa ngaphezulu kwama-8% wokukhiqiza, uma kungenjalo ngaphezulu. Kunezizathu ezahlukahlukene zalokhu. Isizathu sokuqala ukuthi impahla yesitshalo ilinganiselwe futhi kunzima ukuyisebenzisa. Ukukhiqizwa kukhulu kakhulu emisebenzini futhi kudinga ingqalasizinda ebandayo ebanda kakhulu yokuphathwa emuva kokuvunwa. Isithelo sibuye silimaze kalula futhi sinempilo efishanyana.
Ukukhiqiza
Ukukhiqiza ikakhulukazi kwenzeka eNtshonalanga Kapa naseFree State. Ama-raspberry akhiqizwa ngokuvamile ezindaweni ezinamanzi ezijulile, ezinamanzi noma ezinesihlabathi esiningi.
Ukubuyiswa okuphezulu kuye kwashukumisela abakhiqizi kwamanye amazwe ukuba bakhule amajikijolo avikelwe, njengamanetha omthunzi noma imigudu. Ukuthi ngabe lokhu kungaba inketho esebenzayo eNingizimu Afrika, kuzoncika kakhulu ezindlekweni zengqalasizinda nezindleko zamandla zokulawulwa kwesimo sezulu.
Isikhathi Sokukhiqiza
Abaphethe ihlobo banesidingo esiphakeme kakhulu sokubanda okufana nama-apula futhi bakhiqize isivuno esisodwa ngenkathi yehlobo. Bayakwazi ukuchuma ezindaweni eziningi lapho kutshalwa khona ama-apula.
Abathwali be-Autumn banesidingo esiphansi sokupholisa, bathela isivuno ekuqaleni kwehlobo futhi futhi ehlobo sekwedlule ukuwa. Zifanele izindawo ezifudumele ezifudumele ezingaphansi komhlaba
Izinhlobo
Izinhlobo zezinhlobonhlobo ezitshalwayo, ikakhulu ngokuya ngokufanelekela kwezinhlobonhlobo ezithile zokukhiqizwa endaweni ethile nesidingo semakethe salolo luhlobo. Abathwali bezentwasahlobo abaphambili ngabakwaGlen Prosen, Glen Lyon noTulameen, kanti abaphethe ekwindla ngokuyinhloko bangamaGugu namaNqabayethe ase Autumn.
Ngokuya ngezinhlobonhlobo, ama-raspberries eza ngombala obomvu, omnyama, ophuzi n onsomi, anama-raspberries anemibala ebomvu nangaphuzi angawezinhlobo ezifanayo futhi anzima kakhulu kunawo wonke. Amajikijolo angokukahulumeni okuhlukile. Ngokuvamile azibekezeleli futhi zibalulekile kancane kunezinhlobo ezibomvu. Izinhlobo ezinsomi ziyizitshalo ezinamandla ezithuthukiswe ngesiphambano se-raspberries emnyama nebomvu.
Ukuphola kanye nezinga lokuvuthwa nakho kunomthelela kumbala. Ngo-2019, ama-raspberries akhethwa ngabathengi ngumbala obomvu omnyama noma opinki cishe obomvu o-orange.
Ukuthengisa
Isidingo samazwe omhlaba kanye sendawo sama-raspberry besikhula ngokuqinile eminyakeni embalwa edlule. Iningi lama-raspberry aseNingizimu Afrika athunyelwa kwamanye amazwe, cishe ama-80% alajikijolo abekelwe i-United Kingdom. Ama-20% asele athunyelwa eMiddle East nase-European Union.
Imisebenzi
Ama-raspberry abhalwe ukuthi i-superfood ngoba agcwele ama-antioxidants, anothile ku-fiber futhi aqukethe amazinga aphezulu ka-Vitamin A no-C. Aphinde futhi angenayo i-cholesterol futhi aqukethe ama-phytonutrients, okuthiwa anciphisa ukukhuluphala ngokwandisa umsebenzi we-enzyme nokusetshenziswa kwe-oxygen.
Amajikijolo angajatshulelwa njengezithelo ezintsha noma acutshungulwe ukuze asetshenziswe kuma-dessert, ama-juices, ama-yoghurts, iziphuzo, i-tarts, i-Team kanye ne-jams.
Translated by Nsika Khoza