Ti raspberries a kaya ka tona hile Asia, North America, nale Europe. Aku tiphiniwa hitona swinene e Greece kusukela eka malembe ya khale. King Edward I ari munhu wosungula ku vika leswaku tibyariwa, leswinga endla leswaku swirhapa swa Britian switala hi swihlahla swati raspberry loko kuya fika 13th century. Hi 18th century, vuhumelerisi abyi ndlandlamuke kuya e Europe hinkwayo.
Ti raspberries kusukela khale ti tekiwa tani hi swakudya swa manyunyu, leswi aswi kotiwa hi van’wankumi. Eka malembe yale xikarhi, atiri na switirhisiwa swotala swotshungula rihanyo, murhi xikan’we naku cinca muhlovo.
Ti raspberry leti ta swikongomelo swotala tikume vito ratona kusuka eka wayeni yo nyanganya ya sweet rose leyi vuriwaka raspeys. Kutshembiwa leswaku rito ra xi German ra ‘raspoie’ leri vulaka thicket, kumbe ra English ra ‘rasp’ – luya hileswi nhlonge yakona yi khwaxaka, kungava kuve swona swinga endla leswaku na namuntlha hi titiva hi vito leri.
Vuhumelerisi bya Misava Hinkwayo
Vuhumelerisi byale matikweni ya misava byi tlakukile hi kambirhi kusukela hi 2007, leswi swivangiwa hikuva vanhu vasungule ku dya swilo swa rihany naswona ti raspberries tivoniwa tani hi swakudya leswi. Vahumelerisi nkulu, tani hilaha swinga vikiwa hiva International Raspberry Organisation i tiko ra Poland, Serbia, Chile na China.
Poland ayiri na 26 000 ha wa tindzhawu ta vuhumelerisi hi 2016, leti ati vuyerisa 120 000 tons wati berries eka 4.5 tons hi hectare, loko tiko ra Serbia riri na 15 000 ha wa tindzhawu ta vuhumelerisi leti ati vuyerisa 110 000 tons wati berries eka 5.6 tons/ha. Hi 2019, China ayiri na 15 000 ha leyi humeleriseke 75 000 tons wati berries eka 5 tons/ha. Chile yiva na 9 000 ha ya vuhumelerisi, leyi ayi humelerisa 36 000 tons wati berries eka 4 tons/ha.
Tiko ra United States, leringa hoxa xandla swinene, ariri na 4 200 ha ehansi ka vuhumelerisi hi 2018, laha ringa vuyeriwa hi 48 000 tons wati berries eka kwalomu ka 11 tons/ha. Ti berries leti totala ati humelerisiwa e California.
Vuhumelerisi bya Laha Kaya
Loko vuhumelerisi byiri karhi byi kula e Afrika Dzonga, tindzhawu leti tahari tintsongo swinene laha kungana vahumelerisi lavanga tateki na xandla lava endlaka kwalomu ka 8% kumbe kutlula. Kuna swivangelo swo hambana hambana swa leswi. Xivangelo xin’wana hileswaku ximilani xina swipimelo naswona swa tika kuva xikumeka. Vuhumelerisi byakona i ntirho swinene naswona swa durha kukuma switirhisiwa swaku titimeta mihandzu leyi leswaku kutava na vulawuri endzhaku ka ntshovelo. Muhandzu wutlhela wu vaviseka hiku olova naswona awu tshami ngopfu endzhaku ka ntshovelo.
Vuhumelerisi
Vuhumelerisi byitala ku humelela exifundzheni xa Western Cape nale Free State. Ti raspberries hi xitalo ti humelerisiwa eka misava yo enta leyi tswongaka kahle mati ya loam kumbe sandy loam leyingana swakudya swale henhla.
Mbuyelo wale henhla wu hlohletele vahumelerisi eka matiko yan’wana kuva va byala ti berries e hansi ka nsirhelelo, kufana nale hansi ka ndzhuti wa nets kumbe ti tunnels. Kuva leswi swiva ndlela ya kahle ya Afrika Dzonga, switaya hi tihakelo ta switirhisiwa na matimba lawa ya tirhisiwaka kulawula maxelo.
Nguva ya Vuhumelerisi
Leti tswalaka hi ximumu tina swilaveko swo titimetiwa swale henhla kufana na ma apula naswona tihumesa muhandzu wun’we hi nguva ya ximumu. Tikota ku hanya eka tindzhawu totala laha ku byariwaka ma apula.
Leti tswalaka hi ximun’wana tina swilaveko swale hansi, ti vuyerisa mihandzu emasunguleni ya ximumu kutani titlhela ti engeta nakambe loko ku hela ximumu. Leti ti hanya kahle eka tindzhawu ta subtropical laha ku kufumelaka.
Tinxaka
Tinxaka to hambana hambana ta byariwa, ngopfu ngopfu kuya hi vuswikoti byatona eka muxaka wokarhi wo humelerisiwa eka ndzhawu yokarhi xikan’we na swilaveko swa timakete eka muxaka walowo. Leti tswalaka hi ximun’wana i muxaka wa Glen Prosen, Glen Lyon na Tulameen, loko ta xixikana kuri Heritage na Autumn bliss.
Kuya hi muxaka, ti raspberries tita hi muhlovo wotshuka, ta ntima, xitshopani na purple, laha to tshuka na xitshopani ti raspberries tiwelaka eka muxaka wun’we naswona hitona totsindziyela kutlula hinkwato. Ti blackberries tiwela eka ntlawa wo hambana. Titala kuva tiri ehansi hiku kondzelela xirhami naswona tina tinyungu totala swinene kutlula muxaka wotshuka. Muxaka wa purple wuna misinya leyikulu swinene leyinga tumbuluka loko ku katsiwe muxaka wotshuka na wantima wati raspberries.
Ku horisiwa xikan’we na kukula ka tona swina nhlohletelo eka muhlovo. Hi 2019, ti raspberries leti ati tsakeriwa swinene hileti totshuka no dzhwihala kumbe pink kuya eka muhlovo wa orenji.
Vuxavisi
Swilaveko swa ti raspberries swa laha kaya nale matikweni mambe swile kutlakukeni hi rivilo eka malembe nyana lawa hundzeke. Ti raspberries totala ta Afrika Dzonga ti xaviseriwa matiko yale handle, laha kwalomu ka 80% wati berries leti ti kongomaka e United Kingdom. Leti salaka ta 20% ti rhumeriwa e matikweni ya Middle East na European Union.
Switirhisiwa
Ti raspberries tivikiwa kuva swakudya swakahle swinene hikuva titele hiti antioxidants, ti fuwile hi fibre naswona tina nhlayo yale henhla yati vitamin A na C. Titlhela tipfumala cholesterol tiva na phytonutrients, leti vikiwaka kuva ti hunguta kunyuhela eka vanhu hikuva ti engetelela migingiriko yati enzyme anku tirhisiwa ka moya.
Ti raspberries tinga dyiwa tani hi mihandzu ya furexe kumbe tititrhisiwa ku endla ti desserts, juzi, yoghurts, swon’wa, tarts, tiya, na jamu.
Translated by Ike Ngobeni