Zivunwa/Khutshwa Njani Intlanzi Ezigcinwa Kumanzi Acocekileyo
Qinisekisa kokuba iintlanzi zilungiswe kakuhle ngomlinganiselo ofanayo phambi kokuba zivunwe ze iintlanzi zinganikwa ukutya iintsuku ezi 3 - 5 phambi kokuba zivunwe, maxa wambi iintsuku ezininzi xa amazinga obushushu bamanzi esezantsi, nezithatha ixesha ukucola ukutya esiswini uyacebisa uHenk Stander umpathi ophezulu ophetheyo kwicandelo le-Aquaculture: Department of Animal Sciences eStellenbosch University. Ukulambisa iintlanzi phambi kokuba zivunwe kuzakukwenza isisu singabinanto. Izakuthintela incasa emuncu nongcoliseko lwe ntsholongwane kodwa liqinisekisa ucoceko nomgangatho ophezulu ngexesha exhelwa ngayo.Ukuvuna itrout kwenziwa ekuqaleni kwinyanga zehlobo kwaye kufuneka kuqalwe kwakusasa xa amaqondo obushushu esapholile. I-Tilapia kunye ne catfish ziivunwa unyaka wonke.
Zama iintlanzi zingabanjwa nokuba akukho sizathu ngokuba oku kungazenza zibe phantsi koxinzelelo kwenze nentlanzi ibenemivumba ikhuhleke isikhumba, lilonke ichaphazele umgangatho wemveliso.
Ukubulawa kwee Ntlanzi Ngabantu
Iintlanzi zingabulawa ngokuthi kufakwe i-anaesthetic (ukubulala imvakalelo) emanzini kumatanki okuvuna, amanzi abulala imvakalelo yentlanzi, crustacea kunye ne abalone. Ayinalo ixesha lokulinda yona kwaye ingasetyenziswa ukubulala imvakalelo yentlanzi phambi kokuba ihanjiswe indawo ezinga 1-5 ngokwe sigidi (1 - 5 parts per million) okanye ‘ixesha lokuphumla ukuvuna’ (15 - 20 ppm). Oku kuthetha okokuba iintlazi ziyadonywa kwaye aziva ntlungu.Emveni kokuvuna, gcina intlanzi ngaphantsi ko 5℃ ngokuzogquma ngeziqede okanye imvuthuluka yeziqede. Iziqede kufuneka zibe sele zilungile phambi kokuba kuvunwe; thenga iziqede okanye uzenzele ezakho.
Hambisa umlinganiselo onguwo wentlanzi ngamapheyile acocekileyo kulowo uzilungisayo ngosuku nexesha ekuvunyelwene ngalo, kodwa ke kulungile ukuthumela umzekeliso wama 50 - 80 kg wentlanzi kulowo uzilungisayo ukuze ivavanywe phambi kovuno olukhulu. Isampule yovavanyo izakuviwa incasa, imbonakalo kwaye endaweni ye trout, ukufumana umbala wenyama, emveni kokuba isampula ivunyiwe, ezinye iintlanzi zingahanjiswa.
Ukongenza, umfama wentlanzi kufuneka alungise izikhenkcezisi zokugcina iintlanzi esele zivuniwe zalungisiwa kwimeko apho kunga kwazekiyo ukuyihambisa isentsha kwimizi mveliso.
Ivunwa nini Intlanzi
Izilwanyana ezihlala emanzini zivunwa zikumanqanaba angalinganiyo ngobu khulu, utsho uHenk Stander, ophetheyo kwicandelo le Aquaculture Division of Stellenbosch University.Intlanzi itrout ifumaneka ngamaxesha athile kwaye ikhula ekupheleni kwentwasahlobo okanye ekuqaleni kwehlobo. Ubunzima obuphantsi be trout yi 1 kg, kodwa amaxabiso angcono ngokwe kg afumaneka kwi 1.2 - 1.3 ubunzima bentlanzi ephilayo. Umyinge wenyama uqikelelwa kuma 80% (kususwe intloko nomphakathi) ukuya kuma 50% xa yenziwe yazizigaqa.
I-Tilapia kunye ne catfish zikhula unyaka wonke kwaye kufuneka noko umlinganiselo wazo ubeyi ‘grade’ ngokuphindwe kathathu ngexesha lazo lokukhula. Iintlanzi ezincinci ziyehlulwa kwezinkulu ngendlela yokuzibeka ngendlela ethile ze iintlanzi ezinkulu zisiwe kwelinye idama okanye itanki. Xa iintanzi zingabekwanga ngoko bukhulu bazo, iintlanzi ezinkulu zitya kuqala, ze ezincinci zingatyi ngokwaneleyo. Konke oku kuzakwenza umsantsa ekukhuleni kweentlanzi kunye nomahluko kubungakanani kwezinkulu nezincinci zohluke kakhulu, uyacacisa uHenk.
I-Tilapia kuqikelelwa okokuba ivunwa xa ingama 250 - 300 g xa ithengiswa iyintlanzi epheleleyo. Xa itilapia ithengiswa izizigaqa (intlanzi esikwe yazizigaqa) kuye kubengcono xa ibubunzima obungama 0.8 kg - 1 kg.
I-Sharptooth catfish nayo ikhula oko oko kwaye nayo kufuneka iviwe ubunzima kubomi bayo bonke. I-Catfish ithengiswa izizigaqa kuphela kwaye obona bunzima bayo ngu 1 kg. Isivuno esizakuthengiswa inqabile ngenxa yamaxabiso angaphucukanga nembono zabathengi ezingekho ntle kweli lo Mzantsi Afrika.
Translated by Zikhona Plaatjie