Ukutya iziqhamo nemifuno rhoqo, kuqinisekisa ukufumana izondlo ezisempilweni. Izondlo ziyadingeka ukugcina imizimba isempilweni neengqndo zihlale zomelele. Sikwanceda nabantwana bakhule kakuhle.
Ukuze uhlale usempilweni, kuyakhuthazwa ukuba utye kulamaqela asixhenxe okutya: Ukutya okune statsho, iziqhamo nemifuno, iimbotyi (okanye ipeas, lentils okanye isoya),inyama (inyama ebomvu, inkukhu, iintlanzi okanye amaqanda), izinto ezenziwe ngobisi (ubisi, amasi okanye iyogathi) amafutha kunye namanzi.
Ngokufaka nezityalo zemveli ukunika izondlo ezikulamaqela ohlukeneyo okutya, ukutya kwakho kungaphucuka. Umzekelo, iicowpeas zizele zii proteni kunye ne ayoni (kwaye zingasebenza endaweni yenyama), logama isiqhamo ihigh in ired milkwood sizele yi vitamin C. Okona kubalulekileyo kukuba ezizityalo zingalinywa kwizitiya ezincinane, kwimihlatyana kwaye ziyazikhulela nasendle. Ngokwesikazi selizwe, uMzantsi Afrika uvelisa ukutya okwaneleyo, uzuqonde eli lizwe lithengisela amazwe angaphandle uninzi lokutya okulinywayo. Nangona kunjalo izigidi ezili 14 labantu abase Mzantsi Afrika kuthiwa abanakutya kwaneleyo kunezongo ezisempilweni. Ukutya kwase Mzantsi Afrika kusekelwe kwinani elimbalwa lokutya okulinywayo. Kwaye kuxhonyekekwe kakhulu emboneni. Ngaphezulu, sehlile isibalo sokutya okuveliswa emakhayeni kwaye kukho nombono wokuba ukutya kwemvelo okulinywayo kokwabantu abahluphekayo kuphela.
uMzantsi Afrika lilizwe lesithathu elinezityalo ezahlukeneyo kwihlabathi liphela. Obu butyebi bendalo busasazeke kuMzantsi Afrika wonke, kwaye buchume kakhulu kwindawo ezisezilalini. Ezilalini, ukutya kwemveli kungaba yinxalenye ebalulekileyo kubomi babantu abasezilalini. Uluntu lungaxhomekeka ekutyeni kwemvelo kwaye kungabanceda ukuba baphile ngamaxesha anzima.
‘Indlala Efihlakeleyo’ eMzantsi Afrika
Nangona kungekho bungqina bungako bendlala eninzi eMzantsi Afrika, isaveyi zika zwelonke zifumanise ‘indlala efihlakeleyo’ (ukunqongophala kwezondlo) kunye namaqondo onyukileyo abantu abadala abatyebe ngokugqithisileyo (ukukhula okumi ndaweni nye).
Ngomnyaka ka 2013 - 2015 kwenziwa uphando kwii ngingqi ezihluphekileyo kumaphondo amane oMzantsi Afrika. Olu phando lwenziwa yi Water Research Commission (WRC) kunye ne Dyunivesithi yase Pitoli ukuze kujongwe ukuba imveliso yezityalo inagalelo lini ekubeni abantu babenokutya okwaneleyo.
Olu phando lubonakalise ukuba uninzi lwamakhaya luyakwazi ukuthenga umgubo ka mili mili, kwaye apho imali engenayo incinci, lo mili mili wawudityaniswa netswele kunye ne tumata okanye ikhaphetshu. Iziphumo zoluphando yabakukuba ukutya okutyiwa ngaba bantu akunazondlo zahlukeneyo zidingekayo eziqinisekisa ukukhula kwabantwana ngendlela eyiyo. Lwaye lwafumana nokuhambelana phakathi kokulima izityalo kunye nokuphucuka kwesidlo sekhaya elo. Ngaphezulu, ingeniso yolimo kunye nemveliso yezityalo ezinkcenkceshelwayo, yandisa amathuba okutyiwa kwenyama, amaqanda, iziqhamo kunye nemifuno.
Olu phando lwaye lwachonga nezityalo ezinokuthi ziphucule isondlo. Imifuno enamagqabi aluhlaza ocacileyo, efana nespinatshi, amagqabi ebhitruthi, inettle, inightshade, amaranth kunye ne blackjack iyakhuthazwa. Kunye nemifuno efana ne are squash (ekwenziwa ngayo neengqayi’), igreen pepper, lettuce, ithanga, iitamati kunye nee baby marrows.
Iziqhamo nazo zandisa izondlo ekutyeni kwaye ezo zilinywa eMzantsi Afrika ziquka; imango, papaya, avocado, marula kunye ne vatala. Iingcambu ezifana namadumbe kunye ne bhatata nazo ziyakhuthazwa kunye neendidi zembotyi eziquka iBambara groundnut, cowpeas kunye namandongomane. Izityalo zemvelo ezingasebenzisi manzi maninzi ziquka: amadumbe, ibhatata, squash, African leafy vegetables, cowpeas, eggplant, green pepper, itswele ivatala watermelon, loquat, kunye nazo zonke iintlobo zembotyi.
Ezinye iingcebiso zoluphando ziquka:
Lima izityalo ezizele zizinongo ezifana ne bhitruthi.
Khelelela amanzi emvula okanye ufakele imibhobho yokunkcenkceshela izityalo.
Imibhobho ehamba amanzi okanye amanzi atsalwa phantsi komhlaba angadingeka kwiindawo ezomileyo.
iBiofortification yezityalo ezizele zizinongo iyadingeka, ingakumbi kwizityalo ezinemisebenzi emininzi ezifana nebhitruthi.