Ukufuywa kwama dada, efuyelwa inyama yi makethi enabantu bayo eMzantsi Afrika. Kukho iifama ezimbalwa ezincinane ezithengisa amadada akhuliswe ngokwe ndalo (free range). Ezi fama zithengisela iirestyu, ezinye iivenkile ezinkulu, imarike zamafama kunye noluntu ngqo.
Kodwa ke, inkoliso yenyama yedada etyiwa eMzantsi Afrika ithengwe kumazwe ase Thailand, Hungary, China kunye nase Brazil. Le nyama isuka kumazwe angaphandle, nangona inexabiso eliphantsi xa ithelekiswa nenyama yedada yase Mzantsi Afrika, ayibonwa njenge kumgangatho ofanayo nowenyama yamadada akhuliswa ngokwendalo (free-range) nathengiswa ngama fama aseMzantsi Afrika.
Amadada akwafuyelwa amaqanda kunye neentsiba; kwakunye nemveliso ye foie gras – nezizibindi ezityetyisiweyo zamadada ezenziwa ngokutyisa amadada ngenkani (inkoliso) kunye nama kwar kuni. Imveliso ye foie gras ayikho mthethweni eMzantsi Afrika, kodwa ukuyithenga kumazwe angaphandle kuvumelekile.
Abavelisi Bamadada kwi Hlabathi Jikelele
Inkoliso yenyama ye dada (ngaphaya kwama 80%) iveliswa kwilizwekazi lase Asia. Ilizwe lase China lihamba phambili kwimveliso yenyama yedada kwihlabathi liphela. Noxa kunjalo, eli lizwe lelesithathu kuluhlu lwamazwe athenga inyama yedada kwamanye amazwe. Oku kuthetha ukuba ilizwe lase China liyitya ngokwalo imveliso yalo yenyama yedada.
Amazwe amathathu ahamba phambili ekuthengeni inyama yedada kumazwe angaphandle yi Saudi-Arabia, Germany, kunye ne France. Ilizwekazi le Afrika livelisa malunga ne 2% yenyama yedada kwihlabathi lophela. Amanye amazwe amakhulu ekuveliseni lenyama ngamazwe e-Egypt kunye ne Madagascar.
Iindidi Zama Dada
Ezona ndidi zibalulekileyo zendidi zama dada afuyelwa inyama ziiPekin, Muscovy, Aylesbury kunye ne Rouen.
Idada lohlobo lwe Pekin neyasuka kwilizwe lase China, lidada elimhlophe elinomlomo o-orenji neline ntamo eme nkqo xa lihamba. Linendawana ekhula kade kune Aylesbury. Kodwa yeyona ntlobo isetyenziswa kakhulu kwimveliso yentengiso yenyama yedada kwihlabathi jikelele, kuquka noMzantsi Afrika.
Amadada ohlobo lwe Pekin aqinile kwaye akuzondleka zinkulu ukuwakhulisa njenge Aylesbury. iPekin ibeka amaqanda afikelela kuma 160 ngonyaka, kwaye angafuyelwa izinto ezininzi-ukuvelisa amaqanda kunye nemveliso yenyama (i‘Peking’ ligama lesidlo esidume kakhulu).
Idada elikhulu lohlobo lwe Aylebury nelisuka eNgilane, linomzimba omde ombaxa kunye nomlomo opinki ongacacanga kunye neentsiba ezimhlophe. Lalikade libizwa nge White English’. Eli dada lifuyelwa inyama yalo emhlophe. Inyama ye Aylesbury ayinambala ngenxa yombala weentsiba zayo omhlophe. I-Aylesbury yinyama yedada ethanda kakhulu nexhaphakileyo. Ingabeka amaqanda afikelela kwi 110 ngonyaka.
Intlobo ye Muscovy (nekwabizwa nge Barbary) lidada elisuka eMzantsi Melika kwaye liba yinyama emnandi. iMuscovy ineentsiba ezimnyama/ngwevu kunye nenyama ebomvu krwe ejikeleze umlomo namehlo. La madada, ayazikhangelela ukutya, awangxoli kakhulu, awahlaselwa lula zizifo kwaye akhawuleza aqhele ukuhlala kwimozulu ezibandayo. Eli dada le Muscovy libeka amaqanda afikelela kwi 100 ngonyaka.
Idada elihle lohlobo lwe Rouen lisuka kwilizwe lase France, kwaye lifana ne Mallard okanye idada lasendle ngenkangeleko yalo enamachokoza. Linomzimba ongwevu kunye nentamo nomqolo oluhlaza. Imilomo ye Rouen imbaxa kwaye i-orenji ze iba namachokoza amnyama. Zingabeka amaqanda afikelela kwi 100 ngonyaka.
Idada lohlobo lwe Mule nalo lifuyelwa inyama nokuvelisa amafutha esibindi. Le ntlobo ye Mule ngumxube we Moscovy kunye nezinye iintlobo zamadada ukuze kuphume idada elingazaleliyo. Eli dada livelisa inyama engatyebanga kwaye lithandwa kakhulu ngabantu abagade imizimba nempilo yabo ngokuthi batye ukutya okuthile.
Amadada ohlobo lwe Indian Runners kunye ne Khaki Campbells ngawona madada azalela amaqanda amaninzi kwaye avamise ukufuyela imveliso yamaqanda.
Yintoni Idada le Peking?
Idada lohlobo lwe Peking yindidi ye dada esetyenziswa ukuvelisa inyama, logama i‘Peking duck’ sisidlo esenziwa ngenyama ye dada. Esi sidlo senziwa ngokumpompa umoya phakathi kwefele nenyama ngaphambi kokuba iphekwe. Eli dada liye li rostwe kwi oveni, ze ifele eli krwam krwam liphakwe lodwa nenyama iphakwe yodwa. Le nyama yedada igalelwe isosi ebizwa nge hoisin Ijijelwe ngetswele lesiXhosa (spring onion) ne pancakes ezimbaca.
Translated by Zizipho Silwana