I-Persimmon Elinyiweyo
I-Persimmons ziziqhamo ezikhiwa emthini ezityiwayo, imithi yazo yi genus Diospyros kusapho lwe Ebenaceae. Igama elithi Diospyros lisuka kuma grike akudala, kwaye lithetha ukuthi ‘isiqhamo esimnandi’. I-American persimmon (D. virginiana), ikhula kwi Gulf estates north ye Central Pennsylvania ne central Illinois. Isiqhamo singama 3-5 cm ububanzi, ngesiqhelo sibubume obumbaca, umbala obomvu kakhulu ukuya ku maroon. Uninzi lweziqhamo zinenkozo ezinzinzi ezinkulu ezimbaca. Iintlobo ezininzi ezikudidi oluphezulu zaye zakhankanywa, zasasazwa kwaye zikhuliselwa intengiso.
Olona hlobo lwe persimmon elinyiweyo yi Asian persimmon, Diospyros Kaki okanye isiqhamo iKaki. Uhlobo lwe Asian okanye Japanese persimmon zezase China, apho zithe zalinywa khona iinkulungwane kwaye ngapha kwezilimo ezingapha kwama waka amabini (2 000) ezohlukileyo ziyafumaneka. Yathi yanonela kwelase Korea nase Japan kwiminyaka emininzi edlulileyo apho izilimo ezongeziweyo zathi zenziwa khona, emveni koko zathengiswa kumazwe jikelele ngexesha lenkulungwane 19th century.
I-Persimmons ziveliswa kwimithi enamagqabi anabileyo, kwaye phambi kokuphulukana namagqabi wayo amade, ipersimmom efana nofele, ekhazimlayo, embala oblue-ukuya kohlaza ayajika abengumbala otyheli ogqamileyo no mbala o-orenji ogqamileyo, phambi kokuba ziwe ngexesha lase busika. Imithi elinyiweyo iyalungiswa rhoqo ngonyaka kodwa xa ithe yayekwa ingachetywanga, imithi ingakhula iyokuma ku 10 m ubude. Lemithi iqalisa ukuvelisa iziqhamo emveni kweminyaka emithathu, kodwa igqibelela emveni kweminyaka esibhozo kwaye umthi osempilweni kulindeleke okokuba ubekhona iminyaka engama 40. Isivuno semveliso esifikelela ku 50 t/ha sathi sashicilelwa kwezinye iindawo ezinee gadi ezivelisa iziqhamo kakhulu.
Ukuvela kwezityalo kuqala ngexesha lase ntwasahlobo kwaye ikaki fruit ivuthwa ilungele ukutyiwa ekupheleni kokwindla. Iintlobo zeziqhamo ziyohluka ukusuka kwengumbala otyheli-orenji ongagqamanga ukuya kumbala o-orenji bukumnyama. Ziyohluka ngobu ngakanani ukusuka ku 1.5 ukuya ku 9 cm ububanzi kwaye ubume buyohluka ukususela kongqukuva ukuya kombhoxo kunye nobume bethangâ. Olona hlobo lwe kaki oluveliswayo lumbaca kancinci ngaphezulu nangezantsi nendawo ezitsolo kunye nobume obubonakalisa itomato. Isikhumba sicwengile kwaye siyatyeka, kwaye isiqhamo sinombala o-orenji okhazimlayo ongaqhelekanga.
I-Persimmons ezi-Astringent Nezingekho-Astringent
I-Persimmons zicalulwa kumaqela amabini, ezo zivelisa iziqhamo astringent de zivuthwe zithambe nezo isiqhamo zazo zingekho astringent. Ezo persimmons zingekho astringent zingatyiwa xazivuthiwe okwe apile. Ezona persimmons ziveliswa kakhulu, isiqhamo ikaki zi astringent persimmons. Eziziqhamo zidinga irhasi emveni kokuba zivuniwe ukuze kususwe ukudibana kweziqhamo phambi kokutyiwa nokuthengiswa. Xa isiqhamo sivuniwe, sidibene kwaye asityeki ngenxa yamazinga aphezulu we tannin, kodwa oku kwenza isiqhamo sivuthwe kwaye sijike ibesisiqhamo esimnandi esi switi.
Emveni kokuba isiqhamo sipakishiwe ziyanyangwa nge rhasi ethylene okanye icarbon dioxide kwindawo ezikhethekileyo zonyango lwezi qhamo iiyure ezininzi okanye iintsuku, kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lonyango. Zombini ezirhasi ziqhelekile kwaye olunyango aluna bungozi kubathengi. Unyango lwe rhasi lisusa amazinga aphezulu we tannin kwisiqhamo ze livelise iziqhamo eziqinileyo, ezikumgangatho ophezulu ezifana ne jelly esandleni, incasa eswiti, kunye nombala o-orenji omhle xasele zilungele intengiso.
Izinongo
Isiqhamo ikaki sityetyisiwe ku vitamin B2 (riboflavin) no Vitamin B1 (thiamin) kwaye zigcwele I carotenoids, ezaziwayo ngoncedo lokwehlisa umgcipheko wesifo sentliziyo kunye nentlobo zezifo zomdlavuza ezithile. Iziqhamo zine fibre ephindwe kabini ngokomlinganiselo waleyo ifumaneka kuma apile kwaye ine calcium, iron ne magnesium.
Translated by Zikhona Plaatjie