Zixhaphakile kakhulu iingxaki zokuphefumla kwiihagu ezikhuliselwe kwiimveliso ze intensive production. Ngokomkhomba ndlela obhalwe yi South African Pork Producer’s Organisation (SAPPO), Pigs for Profit, ukukhohlela kusenokubangelwa luthuli,ingqele (pneumonia),ingakumbi lentlobo yenziwa yintsholongwane yeMycoplasma okanye intshulube ye Ascaris nekhohlelwa inyuke ngemiphunga. Ukuthimla kusenikubangelwa kukuhlala kwindawo enothuli okanye izifo ezosulelayo. Kwaye itrophic rhinitis, sesona sifo sonakalisayo.
©National Pork Board, USAiPneumonia ivamise ukuchaphazela iimazi ezincancisayo kunye namantshontsho ehagu asakhulayo. Ngokwe Pigs for Profit, ukuchaphazeleka kwemiphunga yintsholongwane kuvamise ukubangelwa kukudumba kwemiphunga nokubangwa luthuli, imozulu ebandayo, izinto ezingaqhelekanga ezifana nokutya okanye amayeza, okanye izifunxi gazi ezifana neentshulube ezihlala okanye ezigqitha kwimiphunga yeehagu.
Kuxhomekeka kwintlobo yokuchaphazeleka, ipneumonia ingabaphakathi ukuya kwimo emaxongo kakhulu. Nto leyo inokubangela amaqondo aphezulu okubhubha kweehagu. Iimpawu zokuchaphazeleka ziquka ukukhohlela, ukuphefumlela phezulu okanye ukuphefumla ngokukhawuleza, ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni, ukungacaceli kutya, imo emaxong, ukukhula okunzonzayo okanye okungalinganiyo, umkhuhlane kunye nesikhumba esijika sibe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngombala.
Kwiihagu ezibulewe yi pneumonia, imiphunga izakuba nombala ongaqhelekanga kwaye ibenemingxima evuzayo ububofu. Ezinye iindawo zalemiphunga zisenokuqina njengesibindi, ngokubhalwe kwi Pigs for Profit.
Unyango
Ukuthintela ipneumonia, udinga ukuthintela iintsusa zayo. Indawo yemveliso kufuneka igcinwe icocekile, ingenathuli kwaye ingena umoya owaneleyo. Ukuxinana kufuneka kuthintelwe kwaye kuthathwe namanyathelo wokukhusela iihagu kwiingqele nakumoya obandayo. Iihagu kufanele zisezwe amayeza eentshulube rhoqo kwaye kulandelwe imigaqo engqingqwa yokhuseleko nococeko, ukuze amanani ezigulo nokubhubha kwezilwanya abephantsi.
Zikhona izithinteli zendidi ezithile ze pneumonia, kodwa kwincwadi ethi Pigs for Profit, kucetyiswa ukuba ezi zithinteli kufuneka zisetyenziswe kuphela ukuba kukho ingxaki ethile eboniweyo kwifama yakho. Unyango lwee antibiotic lungadingeka ukuba unobangela kukosuleleka. Xa ungaqinisekanga ncam, cela ingcebiso kugqirha wezilwanyana okufuphi nawe okanye kwingcali ejongene nempilo yezilwanyana.
Iimpawu zokuqala ziquka ukuthimla, nemifinya. Ziye ziphume namachaphazana egazi xa zithimla. Kusenokubakho nobuthuku obuphuma emehlweni. Kungabakho isibhaxu esingunxantathu kwikona yemehlo. Impumlo kunye nomhlathi ongentla usenokujijeka okanye ushwabane. Iihagu zisenokungacaceli kutya, zitye kancinci nto leyo inokuchaphazela indlela ezikhula ngayo.
Esi sifo sisenokuphetha sibayi pneumonia, nenokuthi yenze amantshontsho abesemngciphekweni nangakumbu okuphinda osuleleke zezinye izifo. Iimazi zisenokungabonakalisi mpawu zokuba zithwele lentsholongwane, kodwa ubuso bazo busenokuba gwenxa.
Unyango
Indawo enothuli, ukungangeni moya waneleyo, ukungafudumali kunye nee gesi ezinobungozi ezifana ne ammonia, zingabeka iihagu emngciphekweni wokubanesifo se Atrophic Rhinitis. Ukuba nendawo yemveliso ecocekileyo, ingasithintela esi sifo. Ukuxinana kufanele kuthintelwe njengoko oku kunokwandisa amathuba wokukhula kwesi sifo.
Ucoceko nokhuseleko nalo lunganceda, kuba ubukho bezinye izifo bungenza ukuba ihagu ingenwe lulwa sisifo se atrophic rhinitis. Amantshontsho ehagu ancancayo anokunyangwa ngee antibiotics zize ke zona iimazi zinikwe izithinteli ukuzikhusela kwesi sifo singosuleli namantshontsho
iPneumonia
Kuxhomekeka kwintlobo yokuchaphazeleka, ipneumonia ingabaphakathi ukuya kwimo emaxongo kakhulu. Nto leyo inokubangela amaqondo aphezulu okubhubha kweehagu. Iimpawu zokuchaphazeleka ziquka ukukhohlela, ukuphefumlela phezulu okanye ukuphefumla ngokukhawuleza, ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni, ukungacaceli kutya, imo emaxong, ukukhula okunzonzayo okanye okungalinganiyo, umkhuhlane kunye nesikhumba esijika sibe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngombala.
Kwiihagu ezibulewe yi pneumonia, imiphunga izakuba nombala ongaqhelekanga kwaye ibenemingxima evuzayo ububofu. Ezinye iindawo zalemiphunga zisenokuqina njengesibindi, ngokubhalwe kwi Pigs for Profit.
Unyango
Ukuthintela ipneumonia, udinga ukuthintela iintsusa zayo. Indawo yemveliso kufuneka igcinwe icocekile, ingenathuli kwaye ingena umoya owaneleyo. Ukuxinana kufuneka kuthintelwe kwaye kuthathwe namanyathelo wokukhusela iihagu kwiingqele nakumoya obandayo. Iihagu kufanele zisezwe amayeza eentshulube rhoqo kwaye kulandelwe imigaqo engqingqwa yokhuseleko nococeko, ukuze amanani ezigulo nokubhubha kwezilwanya abephantsi.
Zikhona izithinteli zendidi ezithile ze pneumonia, kodwa kwincwadi ethi Pigs for Profit, kucetyiswa ukuba ezi zithinteli kufuneka zisetyenziswe kuphela ukuba kukho ingxaki ethile eboniweyo kwifama yakho. Unyango lwee antibiotic lungadingeka ukuba unobangela kukosuleleka. Xa ungaqinisekanga ncam, cela ingcebiso kugqirha wezilwanyana okufuphi nawe okanye kwingcali ejongene nempilo yezilwanyana.
iAtrophic Rhinitis
iAtrophic Rhinitis sisifo esiyintsholongwane nesonakalisa amarhanana senze nememfu yehagu imile kakubi. Ngokubhalwe kwiThe Pig Site,isifo se atrophic rhinitis sixhaphake kumantshontsho ehagu, nehagu eziselula kunye nezincancisayo.Iimpawu zokuqala ziquka ukuthimla, nemifinya. Ziye ziphume namachaphazana egazi xa zithimla. Kusenokubakho nobuthuku obuphuma emehlweni. Kungabakho isibhaxu esingunxantathu kwikona yemehlo. Impumlo kunye nomhlathi ongentla usenokujijeka okanye ushwabane. Iihagu zisenokungacaceli kutya, zitye kancinci nto leyo inokuchaphazela indlela ezikhula ngayo.
Esi sifo sisenokuphetha sibayi pneumonia, nenokuthi yenze amantshontsho abesemngciphekweni nangakumbu okuphinda osuleleke zezinye izifo. Iimazi zisenokungabonakalisi mpawu zokuba zithwele lentsholongwane, kodwa ubuso bazo busenokuba gwenxa.
Unyango
Indawo enothuli, ukungangeni moya waneleyo, ukungafudumali kunye nee gesi ezinobungozi ezifana ne ammonia, zingabeka iihagu emngciphekweni wokubanesifo se Atrophic Rhinitis. Ukuba nendawo yemveliso ecocekileyo, ingasithintela esi sifo. Ukuxinana kufanele kuthintelwe njengoko oku kunokwandisa amathuba wokukhula kwesi sifo.
Ucoceko nokhuseleko nalo lunganceda, kuba ubukho bezinye izifo bungenza ukuba ihagu ingenwe lulwa sisifo se atrophic rhinitis. Amantshontsho ehagu ancancayo anokunyangwa ngee antibiotics zize ke zona iimazi zinikwe izithinteli ukuzikhusela kwesi sifo singosuleli namantshontsho
Translated by Zizipho Silwana