Inkoliso yenyama ye dada eMzantsi Afrika ithengiswa iphelele ikhenkcezisiwe okanye njenge ntaka enqunqiweyo. Bakhona ke abanye abathengisi benyama bekwathengisa amasuntsu emilenze kunye nawe zifuba, iziphakathi kunye namafutha edada. Zikhona neemveliso ezenziwe ngenyama ye dada ezifana ne duck liver pâté, smoked duck, iipayi kunye nezinye iimveliso zamadada aqwayitiweyo.
Ezinye iimveliso ezenziwa nge dada ziquka ifoie gras (isibindi se dada), amaqanda edada kunye nemveliso ezenziwe ngeentsiba zedada. Amadada akwafuya kwii fama ukuze atye amanyiki. Oku kuyi ndlela elungele indalo yokulawula ezi zonkalisi. Amadada aluncedo ekukhuseleni iinkukhu kwiimpuku kunye nezinye izinto ezinokuthi ziwahlasele.
Ukwenziwa kwe Nyama ye Dada
Amadada axhelwa kwizilarha ezixhela iinkukhu, kodwa aye adinge kubekho utshintsho oluncinci kwizixhobo ezisetyenziswayo zokuxhela kuba wona ethande ukuba makhudlwana kunee nkukhu. Umceli mngeni wokuxhela amadada (okanye ezinye iintaka zamanzi) xa kuthelekiswa neenkukhu, kukuba wona aneentsiba ezitshone le esikhumbeni. Umatshini wokuxhwitha iinkuku usenokungazisusi zonke iintsiba ezeyele esikhumbeni sedada. Ngoko ke, maxa wambi kuye kufuneke ukuba ezi ntsiba zishiyekeleleyo zixhwithwe ngezandla.
Ukuxhela kuye kuquke nokuxhonywa, shock, scalding tank, ukuxhwithwa, ukukhupha iziphakathi, ukunqunqa (ukuba kuyadingeka) kunye nokupakisha. Amadada apheleleyo apakishwa ngendlela ebizwa nge vacuum pack, afakwe ezibhokisini aze athengiswe enjalo okanye aqale akhenkceziswe abe ziziqede.
Amadada asenokwenziwa nezinye imveliso ezifana ne duck pâté, ibacon ye dada, idada elikhutshwe amathambo, isoseji kunye ne smoked duck. Amafutha edada ayababazwa kwaye ayathandwa kakhulu ngenxa yencasa yawo. Kwaye amnandi kakhulu neetapile ezirostiweyo kwaye avamise ukuxabisa ngaphantsi kune bhotolo. La mafutha akhutshwa emanqatheni nase sikhumbeni sedada ngethuba lixhelwa kwaye linqunqwa. Noba ungawagqatsa ngobushushu kangakanani ukutya akuzubanayo la ncasa yokutsha.
Amaqanda eDada
Amaqanda edada makhulu kunawe nkukhu kwaye anomthubi omninzi. Amakhoba amaqanda edada omeleleyo nto leyo ithetha ukuba anakho ukuhlala ithuba elide negonakali.
Umgangatho wezinongo zeqanda uxhomekeka ekubeni amadada ebesondliwa ngantoni. Ukufuya amadada ngendlela eyi ndalo (free-range) nalapho amadada alifumanayo ilanga, ivithamin D isenokuba nintsi kunamaqanda amadada avalelwa ngaphakhathi ngalo lonke ixesha.
Amaqanda edada akwabonwa njengahamba phambili ekubhakeni ngenxa ye protein ephezulu kunye namafutha awo aphezulu, kodwa amanzi amancinci athetha ukuba angaba ngathi yi rabha xa ephekwe kakhulu.
Ukufuyela Iintsiba zeDada
Amadada afuyelwa kakhulu iintsiba okanye imveliso ye down. I-down buboya obuthambileyo obungaphantsi kwentsiba zangaphezulu ze dada. Obu boya buthambileyo busetyenziselwa ukuhlohlwa kwimpahla okanye kwiingubo zebhedi, ukuze zenze ubushushu.
Iintsiba zomzimba we dada zithande ukuqina zona kwaye zisetyenziswa ukuhlohla imiqamelo, iimpahla kunye nezinye iimveliso.
Zintathu iindlela zokususa uboya obuthambileyo kunye neentsiba ezingaphezulu emzimbeni we dada: Emva kokuxelwa, ukuqokelelwa kweentsiba eziwileyo kwindawo ahlala kuzo, kunye nokuwaxhwitha ephila. Ukuxhwithwa kweentsiba zedada liphila, neyinto eyenziwa kwiifekthri ze fama kwihlabathi jikelele, kuvamise ukwenza isikhuma sedada sikrazuke. Kwaye oku kwenziwe rhoqo emva kweeveki ezi ntandathu ukuya kwezi sixhenkxe.
Akukwazeki ukufumana iintsiba zedada noboya obuthambileyo bangaphantsi xa sele ixheliwe. Njengoko kubekiwe kwimigaqo yelizwe loMzantsi Afrika mayelana nokuxhelwa kwee nkukhu neentaka, izilarha-apho kuxhelwe khona amadada, kufuneka zilahle kwakungcola kwezilwanyana, kuquka igazi neentsiba.
Yintoni iFoie Gras?
Igama elithi Foie gras lithetha amafutha esibindi. Amadada (okanye amarhanisi) atyetyisiweyo ukuze akhawuleze abe makhulu, enza ukuba isibindi sibe sikhulu kakhulu naso. Ngaphambi kokufuduka, iintaka zamanzi ezifana namadada aye atye kakhulu ukuze atyebe. Oku kuwanceda ekubeni izibindi zawo zityebe, nezithi ziwanika amandla ngethuba efudukela kwezinye iindawo ezikude.
Kufuyo lwale mihla, ukupha amadada ngesandla ingqolowa enxuzwe emanzini kuyafana nento eyayisenziwa ngama Grike amandulo, kodwa ngoku sele etyiswa ngemibhobho. Izilwanyana zityiswa umbona ngenkani kabini ngosuku kangange veki ezimbini. Lo mbona ziwutyiswa ngemibhobho eyenzelwe ukutyisa. Le ndlela ibizwa nge ‘gavage’. Ngeli thuba amadada aye agcinwe kwii kheyji ezincinci, angakwazi ukuzicoca okanye angenge emanzini. Esi senza sayekiswa/ asisa vumekelanga kumazwe amaninzi, kuquka ilizwe loMzantsi Afrika.
Emva kokuxhelwa kwala madada atyiswe ngengani, isibindi esikhukhumeleyo siye silungiswe sinjalo, sinkonkxwe okanye kwenziwe ngasi imousse okanye amaxesha amaninzi senziwe ifoie gras pâté.
Translated by Zizipho Silwana