Amaqunube ayinxalenye yosapho lwentyatyambo ye rose. Le ndawo ityiwayo inecasa yintyatymbo evulekileyo yesi siqhamo, ze yona ‘imbewu’ ezincinci ezibonakala ngaphandle kwesi siqhamo, nezi bizwe nge achenes, ibezi ovaries. Imbewu nganye iyafana nokungathi sisiqhamo.
Igama lesiNgesi lesi siqhamo elithi strawberry, alaziwa ncam ukuba intsusa yalo iphi. Bambi bathi libhekisele kwindlela isityalo seliqunube esikhula ngaso, ngokuthi sinabe. Logama abanye becingela ukuba libhekisele kwi ngca eyomileyo (straw) neyayikade isetyenziswa eNgilane ukondlalela amaqunube xa esiya kuthengiswa. Okanye kwi ngca ye mulch nalapho amaqunube ayelinyelwa phezu kwayo.
Amaqunube aqala ukusetyenziselwa amayeza ngamaRoma asemandul ukusukelwa kwiminyaka ye 230 B.C. Ayenyanga kwasifo, ukusukela ekudakumbeni ukuya kwizifo zezintso. Ngamaxesha amandulo esi siqhamo sasibonwa njengesibonakalisa uphawu lothando, ngenxa yokumila kwaso okwentliziyo kunye nombala waso obomvu.
Imifunziselo yamaqunube, ngala maxesha, yayivamise ukukrolwa kwi altar kunye naphezulu kwizakhiwo zecawe, kwakunye nakwii ntsika ze cawe ze katoliki. Oku kwakusenzelwa ukubonakalisa ubunyulu kunye nobulungisa.
Ngokuchazwa ngu David Trinklein we Dyunivesithi yase Missouri, nongumntu omkhulu kwinkundla ye Napoleon-uMadame Tallien, wayedume ngokuhlamba emanzini anamaqunube. Kuthiwa wayesebenzisa isibalo esifikelela kwi shumi lee khilogrem kwibhafu yakhe nganye.
Abemi bokuqala base Melika (Native Americans) babesele bewatya amaqunube ngethuba kufika abaphambukeli. Ukulinywa kwesi siqhamo kwaqala ngethuba le Renaissance kwilizwekazi lase Europe, kodwa ilizwe lase Melika laqala ukuvelisa isiqhamo esingumxube wendidi ezimbini ngomnyaka ka 1780.
Imveliso yeHlabathi Jikelele
Ilizwe lase China lelona lihamba phambili ekuveliseni amaqunube kwihlabathi liphela. Isibalo semveliso epheleleyo yeli lizwe sibalelwa kuma 40%, ngokubhalwe kwi Tridge, nengumthombo weenkcukacha zehlabathi. iMelika ikuluhlu lwesibini kwesona sibalo samazwe ahamba phambili, nesibalo esimalunga ne 15%, ilandelwe yi Mexico Mexico, Spain, Turkey kunye ne Egypt, nabalelwa kwi 4 ukuya kwi 5% yemveliso epheleleyo.
Ilizwe lase Spain lihamba phambili kumazwe athengisa amaqunube kumazwe angaphandle, ngesibalo esibalelwa kuma 23%, lilandelwe yi Mexico, nebalelwa kuma 22%, iMelika, nebalelwa kwi 18% kunye ne Netherlands nebalelwa kwi 10.2%.
IIlizwe elihamba phambili kumazwe athenga esi siqhamo kumazwe angaphandle yi Melika, ngesibalo nje esingama 20%, lilandelwe yi Canada nenesibalo esili 13% kunye ne Germany, nenesibalo esiyi 10% kunye ne United Kingdom, nenesibalo esiyi 8%.
Imveliso Yase Lizweni
Iindidi zokuqala zamaqunube zazisele zilinywa eMzantsi Afrika ngomnyaka ka 1656. Umbutho wabalimi bamaqunube obizwa nge South African Strawberry Growers Association wasekwa ngomnyaka ka 1972. Ukuze unike abavelisi indawo apho bangalungisa/basombulule imiceli mngeni abathi bajongane nayo.
Imveliso sele ikhule kakhulu eMzantsi Afrika kwiminyaka elishumi edlulileyo, kodwa kusaxabisa kakhulu kwaye kungu msebenzi omninzi ukuwavelisa amaqunube. Oku kukhokelele kubavelisi abamalunga ne 12, nabavelisa imveliso epheleleyo engama 90%.
iMveliso
Amaqunube achuma kakhulu kwiingingqi ezinobusika nezinobusika obungagqatsiyo. Akwakholwa nayimihlaba echunyiswe ngezichumiso zendalo. Ubunintsi bamaqunube ase Mzantsi Afrika aveliswa eBrits-idolophu ekwiPhondo lase Free State. Zikwalinywa nase George, Paarl kunye nase Stellenbosch ezikwi Phondo lase Ntshona Koloni.
Malunga nesiqingatha samaqunube aveliswa ngaphandle, logama amanye aveliselwa phantsi kokhuselelo. Oku akuncedi nje kuphela ekukhuseleni esi sityalo sexabiso kwinkxwaleko zemozulu, kodwa kukwandisa ixesha lokufumaneka kwazi, kwaye kukwaphucula nomgangatho wamaqunube. Ukutyala phantsi kokhuseleko kuxabisa kakhulu.
Ixesha Loku Vuna
Ngokuxhomekeke kummandla lowo ekuza kutyalwa kuwo kunye nendidi yequnube, amaqunube atyalwa ukusukela kwinyanga ka Matshi ukuya kweka Epreli. Aye avunwe ukusukela kwinyanga ka Juni ukuya kweka Disemba eMzantsi Afrika.
Iindidi Ezikhoyo
Inkoliso yeendidi ezikhoyo zeziveliswe ngokudibanisa iindid ezimbini ezahlukeneyo. Ezi ndidi yi Virginia nesuka eMntla Melika kunye nenye indidi yelizwe lase Chile. Kulinywa iindid ezahlukeneyo zamaqunube eMzantsi Afrika. Inkoliso yembewu kunye nezithole ziphantsi kolawulo, into ethetha ukuba amafama kufanele ahlawule imali royalties. Okanye abe phantsi kombutho wabavelisi ukuze babe nokufumana imbewu kunye nezithole zesi siqhamo.
Iindidi zamaqunube zisenokukhula emini, nalapho zidinga umlinganiselo othile wokukhanya ukuze zikhule kwaye zidubue. Zikhona ke nezi ndidi zingaxhomekekanga ekukhanyeni okanye kubude bemini. Zona ke ezi ndidi zidinga ukukhanya kwelanga ukuze zidubule, zikhula ngexesha lase ntwasahlobo okanye ekwindla.
iNtengiso
Malunga nesiqingatha samaqunube elizwe loMzantsi Afrika athengiswa enjalo apha phakathi elizweni. Aze amanye kwenziwe ngawo ezinye iimveliso okanye athengiselwe amanye amazwe akwalapha eAfrika, afana ne Swaziland, Namibia, Mauritius kunye ne Mozambique, okanye kumazwe ase Mbindi Mpuma, afana ne United Arabian Emirates, Qatar kunye ne Kuwait.
Imisebenzi
Amaqunube abonwa njenge superfood, kuba eziziqhamo ezinezinongo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo.
Amaqunube abizwa nge superfood kuba ezele yi vitham, minerali, faybha kunye ne antioxidant. Imbewu yamaqunube ikwazele yi Omega 3.
Amaqunube asenokonwatyelwa enjalo, asetyenziswe kwii saladi, ekubhakeni kunye nakwii yogathi. Kusenokwenziwa nangawo iijem, iiconfiture, iziselo kunye nee syrup.
Esi siqhamo kunye namagqabi aso asetyenziselwa ukunyanga izifo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo, ukusukela kwimikhuhlane, iingqaqambo zesisu ukuya kwiizintso eziqaqambayo. Zikwanceda nasekucoceni igazi, kunye ne anaemia. Sisenokumfaxangwa ukunyanga amaqhakufa ashinyeneyo.
Translated by Zizipho Silwana