Vuhumelerisi bya Malamula e Afrika Dzonga

©Louise Brodie

Malamula kufikela sweswi hiwona swibyariwa nkulu swa citrus swa tikor a Afrika Dzonga. Rina kwalomu ka 60% wa mihandzu ya Afrika Dzonga ya citrus leyi xaviseriwaka matiko mambe. Eka leswi, Valencia hiyona yikulu leyi humelerisiwaka kutani yitlhela yi xaviseriwa matiko mambe, leswinga kwalomu ka kutlula ka mbirhi ka nhlayo leyi humelerisiwaka ya muxaka wa malamula ya navel - muxaka lowun’wana wa malamula lowu humelerisiwaka. 

Tani hileswi swi averiwaka hiva Citrus Growers Association, malamula ya valencia yana kwalomu ka 34% wa nhlayo hinkwayo ya 83 490 ha yati citrus leyi tsarisiweke kuva yi xaviseriwa matiko yale handle hi lembe ra 2018. Kutlula 60% ya misinya leyi ya malamula ayi byariwe e Limpopo. Xifundzha xa Eastern Cape xina 14% wa ndzhawu ya vuhumelerisi, loko Western Cape yiri na 9% wa vuhumelerisi. 

Malamula ya navel ayari ya vumbirhi tani hi muxaka lowu humelerisiwaka wa citrus. Yina kwalomu ka 20% wa ndzhawu hinkwayo leyi tsarisiweke ya vuhumelerisi ya citrus leyi xaviseriwaka matiko mambe. Xifundzha xa Eastern Cape xina 39% wa swibyariwa leswi, leswi endlaka leswaku yiva yona ndzhawu leyikulu ya vuhumelerisi yati navels. Limpopo na Western Cape tive eka xiyimo xavumbirhi na xavunharhu hiku landzelelana wa tindzhawu leti atiri ehansi ka vuhumelerisi, laha Limpopo ayiri eka 26% wa vuhumelerisi kutani Western Cape yiva eka 25%.

Ti Navels vs Valencias

©Louise Brodie

Ti Navel tina muhandzu wa vumbirhi lowu tumbulukaka etshakwini ra tona, lowungana xivumbeko xa nkava wa munhu kumbe navel (leswi hlamuselaka vito). Malamula ya navel ya kumekile e tikweni ra Brazil kwalomuya kava 1820s, leswingava kona eka ku tsemiwa ka nsinya wa mulamula wa laranja selecta. Muxaka lowu wu pfumala tinyungu, leswivulaka leswaku wufanele ku byariwa hi xirhabyani. 

Malamula ya Valencia ya nyanganya, yana makamba yo lala naswona ya hatlisa ku vupfa eka nguva kutlula muxaka wati navels. Yakuma vito ra wona kusuka eka doroba rale Spain, Valencia, kambe mpfanganyiso lowu wutumbuluke kusuka eka kuhlanganisiwa ka pummelo x mandarin e California, hin’wamapurasi wamu Amerika wa citrus xikan’we na agronomist, William Wolfskill. Malamula, hambiswiritano, aya xaviseka hi xitalo swinene e Spain kutlula e California.

Tinxaka Nxaka

Hi 2018, e Midknight muxaka lowu awu byariwa ngopfu akuri Valencia. Lowu awuri eka 36% wa ndzhawu hinkwayo ya vuhumelerisi bya muxaka wa Valencia. Muxaka lowu wusungule ku vonaka hi lembe ra 1927 hi AP Knight, loyi yinga vuya yi thyiwa vito rayena, exirhapeni xa Summerville, Addo e Eastern Cape. Kuhumelele lokukulu ka muxaka lowu, hambi swiritano, akunga tekeriwi enhlokweni kuya fikela eka malembe yava 1970s. 

Valencia endzhaku kuve muxaka wa xiyimo xa vumbirhi lowu awu byariwa; laha awuri na 19% eka ndzhawu leyi. Loko Delta yive na 16% wa ndzhawu ya vuhumelerisi. Tiko ra Turkey na Bennie ayari na 10% na 9% hiku landzelelana laha aku humelerisiwa kona. 

Palmer, Bahianinha, Cambria na Washington aku byariwa ngopfu muxaka wa Valencia hi lembe ra 2018. Palmer ayiri na 18%, Bahianinha eka 14%, Cambria eka 12% na Washington yiri na 11% wa ndzhawu hinkwayo ya vuhumelerisi.

Nguva

Nguva ya Valencia yifamba kusukela hi July kuya fika September, loko nguva yati Navel yi famba kusukela hi June kuya fikela July.

Makete

©Louise Brodie

Malamula yotala ya Afrika Dzonga ya xaviseriwa matiko yale handle. Muhandzu lowu wu xaviseriwa matiko yohambana hambana ya laha misaveni, laha European Union kunga tiko nkulu leri xaviseriwaka mihandzu leyi eka 33%. Middle East eka xiyimo xa vumbirhi hi lembe ra 2018, laha kungana kwalomu ka 19% wa mihandzu, kulandzela South-East Asia, leringana 18% wa mihandzu leyi.

Translated by Ike Ngobeni

Orange Production

Malamula lawa yo nyanganya ya tumbulukile e Southeast China naswona aya vuriwa eka tidyondzo ta Chinese kusukela kwalomuya kava 314 BC....more