Vufuwi bya Tihlampfi bya Mati yo Tenga - Nldela yo Phamela Tihlampfi

© Marinda Louw

Ku phameriwa ka tihlampfi i swin’wana swankoka swinene eka vufuwi bya tihlampfi ta mati yo tenga (aquaculture). Eka vufuwi byotala, swakudya swiendla kwalomu ka 60% wa ntsengo lowu lavekaka kufambisa bindzu. Mbuyelo wa purasi ra tihlampfi wuya hi swakudya swakahle leswi lawuriwaka, kutirhisiwa kahle ka swakudya hi tihlampfi xikan’we naku hunguteka kantsongo.
Kuna swiyenge swinharhu kuswilanguta:
Khwalithi ya swakudya kusuka eka vaphakeri
Ndzhawu ya vuhlayi
Maphamelelo
Loko tihlampfi tikuma swakudya swintsongo kumbe swakudya swa khwalithi yale hansi, tinga lahlekeriwa hi ntiko kumbe ti fa hikwalaho ka mpfumaleko swokarhi. Kukula kutava kona ntsena loko nhlayiso wa swakudya swa tihlampfi swifikelelekile. Leswi swilava kutlakuka ka mahiselo ya mati yale henhla hikokwalaho ka migingiriko ya tihlampfi nayona yita tlakuka.
Mphamelo wale hansi wuta endla leswaku kuva na ku lahlekeriwa swinene eka vuhumelerisi bya tihlampfi. Ku phameriwa ngopfu aswi hlayisi swakudya kumbe mali naswona swita hoxa xandla eka khwalithi yale hansi ya mati xikan’we naku lahlekeriwa ka vuhumelerisi.
Hileswi switsundzuxo swintsongo leswinga pfunetaka eka vulawuri bya swakudya kukatsa na mphamelo wa tihlampfi:

Ku Hlayisiwa ka Swakudya swa Tihlampfi

Unga xavi swakudya swa kutlula 4 - 6 wa mavhiki naswona ungaxavi swakudya leswinga kurha tani hileswi kukurha kutisaka swilo leswinga vekaka tihlampfi e khombyeni.
Hlayisa swakudya swa tihlampfi eka pallet eka ndzhawu yo hola naku oma laha ku hungaka moya. Unga swiveki eka makhumbi laha kungavaka na ndzhongo.
Tiyisisa leswaku ndzhawu ya nhlayiso ayina makondlo xikan’we na switsotswana leswinga thyakisaka swakudya swa tihlampfi.

Vukulu byaPellet na Xiyimo Xokula xa Tihlampfi

Hlawula vukulu bya kahle bya tindzoho xikan’we na muxaka wa swakudya kuya hi xiyimo xa makulelo eka vutomi hinkwabyo bya tihlampfi. Henk Stander, principal technical manager of the Aquaculture Division of Stellenbosch University, u hlamusela leswaku swakudya swi kongomisiwe eka tinxaka to hambana hambana ta tihlampfi naswona swita hambana kuya hi vukhale bya hlampfi.
Tinhlampfi letintsongo tilava ti protein totala eka swakudya swatona kutlula ka tihlampfi letikulu ta tinxaka leti fanaka. Naswona, ku phamela swakudya leswi hoxekeke swihetelela switisa ku lahlekeriwa ka swakudya: loko pellet yiri leyikulu swinene yinge dyiwi hinkarhi walowo. Loko pellet yitsakamisiwa e matini, hlampfi yita phemelela kantsongo ntsongo. Leswi swi endla leswaku swakudya switlangiseka kutani swi dzika kuya ehansi ka damu naswona swiphemu swin’wana swa n’oka endzeni ka mati.

Tihlampfi tinga Phameriwa Kufika Kwihi?

Unga phameli tihlampfi kutlula mpimo. Van’wana va endli va swakudya swa tihlampfi vana minongonoko ya online leyi vafuwi va tihlampfi vanga yikumaka hi khomxuta kumbe ti foni ta ximanguva lawa. Minongonoko leyi yaku phamela tihlampfi yi tsundzuxa hi ntikelo wa kahle wa swakudya leswi faneleke kuva swiphameriwa masiku hinkwawo, kuya hi ntiko wa hlampfi.
Xikombiso, eka madamu yo cheleta yale handle kuphameriwa kati tilapia ya 100 - 200 g hi ntiko yi lava 3 g masiku hinkwawo, kambe loko yikuriseriwa eka mathangi lawa yanga pfaleka hlampfi yilava 4,5 g siku na siku, kuvula ka Henk Stander.

Tindlela Tophamela eka Aquaculture

Tiyisisa maendlelo ya mphakelo lowu lulameke. Leswi swikatsa nkarhi wophamela wa siku, maphamelelo, kuhangalasiwa ka swakudya eka ti cage (or dam) xikan’we na rivilo raku phamela swakudya.
Languta mahanyelo ya tihlampfi ekusunguleni, hinkarhi wo phamela xikan’we nale ndzhaku ka mphamelo kutani u endla ku cinca swakudya hikuya hi mahanyelo. Xikombiso, letikulu (older fish) ti phameriwa kambirhi kuya eka nharhu wa minkarhi masiku hinkwawo loko tihlampfi letintsongo tiphameriwa hi xihatla. Hambi tihlampfi letintsongo tiphameriwa minkarhi hinkwayo hiku tirhisa michini yo phamela. Langutisisa mahanyelo kutani u teka goza loko kuva na leswinga tolovelekangiki, e.g. tihlampfi tidya kantsongo kutlula ekusunguleni.

©Louise Brodie
Ku engeteriwa ka carotene, eka swakudya swa rainbow trout, swifanele ku lawuriwa kuringana 8 - 10 wa mavhiki loko kungaseva na vuxavisi lebyi kunguhatiweke kumbe loko hlampfi yifika eka hafu ya ntiko lowu xavisekaka, e.g. loko hlampfi yi xavisiwa eka 800 g, hlampfi yifanele kuva yikuma carotene ya 400 g. Carotene yina mihlovo ya swimilani leswi tisaka mihlovo wa pink wa nyama ya rainbow trout.
Loko mati yari na thyaka, ngopfu ngopfu eka timpfula ta matimba swinene, akaha vonakali ngopfu naswona swakudya swifanele ku phakeriwa hiku nonoka kutiyisisa leswaku tihlampfi hinkwato tiphameriwa kahle. Mintsengo leyintsongo yinga nyikeriwa hi minkarhi yotala exikarhi ka siku. Yima kuphamela loko tihlampfi tinga kombi ntsakelo naswona unga tlhela u sungula ku phamela nakambe loko kuri na ku cinca. Nhlayo ya swakudya leyinga pimiwa ya lahleka kambe yinga tlhela yi katsiwa eka mphamelo lowutaka kufikelela mphamelo lowu ringaneleke.

Translated by Ike Ngobeni