Tifo Letatiwako kanye neTinkinga nge Timbuti

©Susan Schoenian University of Maryland Extension
Tinkinga tetifo/kugula nemphilo etimbutini tingabangwa hhayi tinhlobo letiningi tetintfo letiphilako (tintfo letincane letiphilako letingabonwa, emagciwane, iprotozoa noma tibungu) kepha nangema nutrition laphansi. Njengekutsi, emanutrition nguwona atiwa ngekuba phansi lokwenta kuphuma kwesisu etimbutini.
Tinkinga etimbutini tihleleka ngebuhlungu lobufaka bovu, bovu belinyawo kanye ne orf. Letinye tifo tingabangwa sifo sesigaba sesibili, njenge, orf kanye ne mastitis. Bantfwana betimbuti bangasakata le orf ngemilomo yabo kulamabele abomake babo. Leti letindzala letinsikati titsandza kakhulu kukhula ema mastitis.
Letinye tifo tingakhomba timphawu letifanako; timbuti letinema tetanus, lulwimi loluluhlata sasibhakabhaka kanye nenhlitiyo lenemanti tonkhe tingakhomba timphawu tekwetfuka fana nekuchachatelisa imitimba yato. Ube umsheko uluphawu lwe coccidiosis kanjalo njengekuphila kwetibungu. Ngakoke kubalulekile kukhona kwehlukanisa phindze ubone letimphawu tetifo tetimbuti.
Letinye tifo tikahle tivikelwe ngemjovo kufana netinso temaphayiphi kanye ne tetanus kanye neluhlelo lwemjovo locotfo longavikela letinye tifo tetimbuti kanye netilwanyana letingekhatsi letiphilakhona. Buta ngcongcoshe wetemphilo tetilwane noma dokotela wetilwane.

Kuphuma Kwesisu

©Susan Schoenian University of Maryland Extension
Kuphuma kwesisu sesitsa kungentiwa kulamba kwalendzala lensikati noma ngaletintfo letiphilako letiphila kiyo kufana ne Chlamydia (kwelapha: jova) noma iCoxiella (kwelapha: vimba ngekumaka). Kuvikela kuphuma kwesisu, yiba nesiciniseko kutsi lemitsi lendzala iphiwa emaprotein lenele kanye nemandla. Cela Lusito kuloyo lopha tilwane noma kudokotela wetilwane.

Bovu

©Susan Schoenian University of Maryland Extension
Lo bovu buvame kubonakala njengendingilizi, levuvukile futsi lebuhlungu nawuyibamba. Bovu benteka ngesikhatsi ligciwane lingena esilondzeni. Lobovu kumele buputjutwe bese buyadvonswa ngentfo yekudvonsa. Landzelela ngemjovo wetifotonkhe.

Bovu Elunyaweni

©Susan Schoenian University of Maryland Extension
Bovu elunyaweni bentiwa ligciwane lelingena esilondzeni lesincane (kufana nekulunuwa kancane) elunyaweni. Bovu etinyaweni buvame kubonwa ngekutsi timbuti tichute kanye nekuvuvuka lokubuhlungu kwalelisondvo. Kwelapha tinyawo letinebovu kufaka kwelapha tifotonkhe ngentfo lesebentako lendze ioxytetracycline, kugubha kwesilwane lesincane lesimunya ingati kanye nekugubha kwelinyawo.

Orf

©Susan Schoenian University of Maryland Extension
iOrf (nnoma ‘buhlungu bemlomo’) kutseleleka lokugcwalako kwalesikhumba kanye nesikhumba lesicinile lesisamafinyela (emehlo, umlomo, imphumulo kanye nemabele) etimvu kanye netimbuti. iOrf ingatseleleka ankubantfu. Gcina tilwane takho letine orf khashane kunaleletinye temhlambi bese welapha letincwencwe/tigogo letimila ngetulu kwesikhumba nga Vaseline (yembatsa kwekuvala tandla) noma ufutse ngalokwelapha tifotonkhe. Umjovo ungavikela kusakateka kwe orf kulolomunye umhlambi.

Mastitis

©Fir0021
iMastitis buhlungu bekushisa kwemabele esilwane. Timphawu tifaka kushisa, kukhatsateka, kwehla kwekufuna kudla, kanye nekungavumeli bantfwana kutsi bamunye. Lamabele ababovu phindze avuvuke kantsi nelubisi lungatiya phindze libemanti noma libeyingati bese liyacina libe tigadlana.
Lenye indlela intfo leshisako (libhodlela lemanti lashisa) ngentfo lebandzako lecinile (ema ayisi lapakishwe ethawuleni) imizuzu lesihlanu kuya eshumini bese welapha ngemjovo wetifotonkhe kulelimasela. Yipha labantfwana libhodlela labo babomake labanemastitis lubisi lolusha lolunemphilo kwentela kuvikela kulamba.
Ungabhici lubisi lwe mastitis kanye nelubisi loluphilile.

Sifo Semakhata

©Susan Schoenian University of Maryland Extension
Sifo semakhata sibangwa ligciwane lelibitwa ngekutsi yi Pasteurella kanye ne Mannheimia futsi singakhula uma timbuti tiphetfwe tinkinga – simo selitulu lesibi, kuhambiswa, lushintjo lolusheshako lwekushisa/kubandza.
Timphawu tifaka kushisa, kuncipha kwekuphefumula, kukhwehlela, kuphuma kwemafinyila emphumulweni kanye nebulukhuni bekudla.
Yelapha nge-kusebenta lokudze kwe oxytetracycline. Nika umtfunti ngesikhatsi lesibi sesimo selitulu futsi noma useluhambeni loludze, vumela tilwane kutsi tiphumule, tinatse emanti bese tidla sigadla setjani.

Tinso Teliphayiphi

Tinso teliphayiphi sifo lesibulalako lesibangwa ligciwane futsi sivame kutfolwa tilwane letincane. Sivame kulandzela ngemuva kwekutfutfuka ngekushesha ekudlene bese sivela masishane. Tilwane tingakhombisa kunyaka kweludlame kanye ne gait lengakacini noma kufana ngekushesha ngaphandle kwekubonisa timphawu letitsite. Kwelaphisa kusuke sekuphutile kepha tinso teliphayiphi tingavikeleka ngekwetfula kudla lokusha kancane kancane.
Kwenta luhlolo lwemtimba (kupopolwa kwemtimba wesilwane lesifile) kungakhokha libala lelihhwabile letinso, umoya lobovu-logcwele ematfunjini kanye nebumantana lobukhulile kulelisaka lelise nhlitiyweni.
Imijovo yetinso teliphayiphi ikhonna.

Tetanus

emaTetanus entiwa magciwane esilondza lesitselelekile futsi angenta kucina kwelunyawo, kuphefumula lokukalekile nekuchuma kwemamasela. Lenhloko igobeka ngasemuva, kulalela umsindvo noma kutsintsa kuyangetetwa nalesivimboseliso sesitsatfu siyanyakata kuleliso.
Yembatsa kwekuvala tandla nawelapha tilwane – kuklina silondza, kususa tintfo letifile kanye nekufaka tifotonkhe. Faka tilwane endzaweni lemnyama, lethulile bese utinika kudla nemanti.

Lulwimiloluluhlata Sasibhakabhaka

Lesisifo lesigcwele sitfwalwa tintfo letincane futsi tivama kuvela ngemuva kwetimvula letimatima nalapho timo tifutfumele futsi timanti. Timbuti titokhomba kushisa lokuphakeme, tindzebe letivuvukile futsi tingabamba tintsamo tato ngendlela lengakajwayeleki. Ngekwengeta, emalwimi angaba luhlata sasibhakabhaka nemabhande labovu lavela ngetulu kwemasondvo.
Jovisa kwentela lolulwimiloluluhlata sasibhakabhaka entfwasahlobo (ngemuva kwebantfwana hhayi ngesikhatsi saletinyanga letintsatfu tekumitsa), susa timbuti emadlelweni laphansi bese utivikela etilwanyaneni.

Inhlitiyo Yemanti

©Prof Horrock (ARC Onderstepoort Veterinary Research)
Yentiwa ngulesilwanyana se bont lesimunya ingati lesitfolwa etindzaweni tesitfwatfwa letomile tase Ningizimu Afrika, inhlitiyoyemanti sifo lesicinile/lesinemandla. Timphawu tifaka kushisa (ngetulu kwa 40°C), kugucukisa tinhloko ngendlela lehlukile, kukhokha emagwebu kusuka emlonyeni nasemphumulweni kanjalo nekwetfuka lokungakacondzi fana nekunyatselela etulu natihamba kanye nekukhahlela. Yelapha ngekushesha ngesento lesidze se oxytetracycline bese uvikela inhlitiyoyemanti ngemjovo.

Coccidiosis

©Susan Schoenian University of Maryland Extension
iCoccidiosis sifo sebantfwana betimbuti kanye netimvu letincane futsi sivame kufela ngenca yesibaya lesingcolile nendzawana lencane levaliwe yetilwane. Lesisifo sitfolwa kumanyolo futsi senta umsheko longemanti, kubabete emanti emtimbeni kanye nekulahlekelwa yinkhaphunkhaphu yekudla. Hlukanisa tonkhe tilwane letigulako kulowomhlambi bese welapha le coccidiosis ngemutsi lowenta buncono lowuwunikwe ngudokotela wetilwane.
Yelapha kubabete kwemanti emtimbeni ngemanti eluswayi nashukela lahlanganiswe kulitha yelibhodlela lapho kufakwa hhafu wesipuno lesincane seluswayi kanye netipuno letincane letisitfupha tashukela emantini lafutfumele. Nika emakhulu lamabilii nemashumi lasihlanu kuya emakhulwini lasihlanu emamilimitha kane ngelilanga kumalanga lamatsatfu.

Tintsembutane

©Susan Schoenian University of Maryland Extension
Timbuti tingatfola tintsembutane umatidla tjani. Timphawu tetintsembutane letiphilako ngematinyo lalibhodlela (kuvuvuka kwematinyo langaphansi), kulahleka kwesimo kube lokuvale liso ngekhatsi kusamhloshana/kuhhwabile. Sebentisa li shathi le FAMACHA© kuciniseka kutsi ngutiphi tilwane letidzinga kwelashwa ngekuya kwesikhumba lesicinile semafinyila lasesigabeni sekuhhwaba. Umsheko ungaphindze uvele kepha akukameli tiphambatiseke naletinye tifo.

Tibunguletinamatselako

©Susan Schoenian University of Maryland Extension
Tibonakala ngeticheme letimuhlophe ebulongweni, tibunguletinamatselako tihlupha simo sembuti kepha asisiso lesinemandla njengentsembutane. Khetsa umutsi wetibungu lotolapha kokubili lendingilizi nalesinamatselako.

Sibindzi Lesenteka Ngenhlanhla

Sibindzi lesentekangenhlanhla sipatalele, tibungu letimise kwelicembe letitfola enyongweni kulesibindzi setilwane. Libhodlela lentsamo, emafinyela esikhumba lesicinile kanye nekulahlekelwa sisindvo ngutona timphawu tekuphila kwe sibindzi lesentekangenhlanhla. Lomjikelo wemphilo waletilwanyana tangekhatsi tifaka emadleo lamantin kanye nemnenkhe lotsite. Fenisela tindzawo letimanti bese ulapha timbuti ngemutsi lobhalisiwe wetibungu.
Yati kutsi: Lwati lwekufundza futsi tidzingo telwati kuphela futsi angeke selutsatfwe njengesecwayiso semutsi. Lolwati alukakhelwa kumelela secwayiso semitsi noma kwelapha lokunikwa ngudokotela wetilwane.

Translated by Phindile Malotana