Mavabyi ya Ntolovelo na Swiphiqo swa Timbuti

©Susan Schoenian University of Maryland Extension
Mavabyi na swiphiqo swa rihanyu eka timbuti swinga vangiwa kungari ntsena hitinxaka ta switsongwatsongwani, tibacteria, protozoa kumbe manyokanyokani) kambe swinga tlhela swivangiwa hi swakudya swoka swingari kahle. Xikombiso, swakudya swoka swingari kahle hiswona xivangelo nkulu xaku lahlekeriwa hi ndzhwalo eka timbuti.
Swiphiqo eka timbuti swingava swilondza leswikatsaka swilondza leswingana vopfu, swilondza swale milengeni na orf. Mavabyi yan’wana yanga vanga mavabyi ya vumbirhi, xikombiso, orf na mastitis. SWimbutani swinga hangalasa orf kusuka emilon’weni ya swona kuya eka mavele ya timbuti leti mamisaka. Timbuti leti tinga sungula kuva na mavabyi ya mastitis.
Mavabyi yan’wana yanga komba swikoweto swin’wana leswi fanaka; timbuti letingana tetanus, bluetongue na heartwater swinga vonaka hiku chuha kufana nakuva ti petsa mimiri yatona. Laha nchuluko kunga xikombiso xa coccidiosis xikan’we na ku hlaseriwa hi manyokanyokani. Leswi swivula leswaku swina nkoka swinene kukota ku hambanyisa xikan’we naku vona swikoweto swa mavabyi ya timbuti.
Yan’wana mavabyi yanga siveriwa kahle hikuva timbuti ti sawutisiwa eka swofana na pulpy kidney na tetanus xikan’we na nongonoko wa nsawutiso kusivela mavabyi yan’wana ya timbuti xikan’we naku hlaseriwa hi swin’wana swihadyani leswi hluphaka endzeni ka khwiri. Vutisa Dokodela wa swifuwo kumbe health care technician wa swifuwo.

Abortion

©Susan Schoenian University of Maryland Extension
Ku lahlekeriwa hi ndzhwalo swinga vangiwa hikuva mbuti yi karhatiwa hi ndlala kumbe hiswin’wana swofana na mavabyi ya Chlamydia (ku tshungula: nsawutiso) kumbe Coxiella (ku tshungula: ku lawuriwa ka swigalani). Ku sivelaku lahlekeriwa hi ndzhwalo, tiyisisa leswaku timbuti ta xisati letinga biha e mirini ti phameriwa swakudya leswi ringaneleke swati protein na energy. Vutisa muphakeri wa swakudya swa swifuwo swawena kumbe Dokodela wa swifuwo kuva u kuma switsundzuxo.

Abscess

©Susan Schoenian University of Maryland Extension
Ti abscess titala ku vonaka tani hi tshumba leringa pfimba ra xirhendzevutani naswona ra vava loko rikhomiwa. Abscesses yi vangiwa hiloko ti bacteria tinghena eka xilondza. Ti abscess tifanele ku cheriwa murhi kutani ti kamiwa hiku tirhisa xitirhisiwa lexinga susiwa switsongwatsongwani. Landzelerisa leswi hiku tirhisa jikisoni yati antibiotic.

Foot Abscess

©Susan Schoenian University of Maryland Extension
Abscess yale nengeni yivangiwa hiloko bacteria yinghena eka xilondza xintsongo swinene (tani hilaha kunga luma xigalani) e nengeni. Ti abscess tale milengeni titala kuva tivonaka loko timbuti tisungula ku khwita laha tivaka tipfimbile swinene eka swinondzwani. Ku tshunguriwa ka abscess ya milenge swikatsa kutirhisa vutshunguri hi antibiotic laha kutirhisiwaka oxytetracycline leyi tekaka nkarhi, dibi ya swigalani kumbe dibi ya milenge ntsena.

Orf

©Susan Schoenian University of Maryland Extension
Orf (kumbe swindomundomu) i mavabyi lawa ya hlasela nhlonge xikan’we nalaha kungana ti mucous membranes (matihlo, nomo, tinhompfu na mavele) swa tinyimpfu na timbuti. Orf yinga tlulela na vanhu. Veka swifuwo leswingana orf ekule swinene na ntlhambhi lowunwana kutani u tshungula mavabyi ya scabs hiku tirhisa mafurhia (ambala swale mavokweni) kumbe utirhisa antibiotic spray. Nsawutiso wunga sivela orf kuva yihangalaka na ntlhambi lowun’wana.

Mastitis

©Fir0021
Mastitis i kupfimba loku kuvavaka swinene ka mavele. Swikoweko swikatsa mukhuhlwani, ntshikelelo, ku nga tsakeli swakudya xikan’we nakunga pfumeleli vana ku mama. Vele ri va ritshukile naswona ripfimbile xikan’we na masi yava yari lawantsongo yari mati swinene kumbe yari na ngati kumbe magadi.
Kandza mavele hi lexi hisaka (hot water bottle) kumbe u endla tano hi xotitimela swinene (ti ayisi eka thawula) kuringana 5 - 10 wa timinete eka vele ha rin’we ha rin’we kutani u tshungula hiku tirhisa jikisoni yati antibiotic eka misiha. Nyika swimbutani bodlhela ra masi lawa ya nga basa no hanya kahle kusivela leswaku swinga karhatiwi hi ndlala.
Unga katsi masi lawa yangana mastitis ni masi lawa yanga hanya kahle.

Pneumonia

©Susan Schoenian University of Maryland Extension
Pneumonia yi vangiwa hi bacteria leyi vuriwaka Pasteurella na Mannheimia naswona yinga tumbuluka loko timbuti tiri e hansi ka ntshikelelo, maxelo yo ka yangari kahle, tiri eka xofamba, ku cinca lokunga languteriwangiki ka maxelo.
Swikoweto swikatsa mukhulhwani, ku heleriwa hi moya, ku khohlola, ku huma marhimila xikan’we naku tikeriwa ku dya swakudya.
Tshungula hiku tirhisa switirhisiwa swa oxytetracycline leswi tekaka nkarhi. Nyika vutumbelo loko kuri na maxelo yo biha xikan’we nale ka tendzo to leha, pfumelela swiharhi ku wisa, kun’wa mati xikan’we naku dya hay.

Pulpy Kidney

Pulpy kidney i mavabyi lawa ya ngana nghozi swinene lawa ya vangiwaka hiti bacteria naswona ya khoma swifuwo leswintsongo. Ya tala kuvakona loko kuve na ku cinca lokunga languteriwangiki ka swakudya naswona ya vonaka hiku hatlisa. Swifuwo swinga komba kupfumala ntshamiseko kumbe kutikeriwa ku famba kumbe swi fa hiku hatlisa swinga kombangi swikoweto. Vutshunguri byitala kuva byi hlwerile kambe mavabyi ya pulpy kidney yanga siveriwa hiku nyikela swakudya swintshwa hikantsongo ka ntsongo.
Ku endla vulavisisi eka ntsumbu swinga kombeta tinsu leti vevukaka naswona ti basulukile, marhumbu lawa yanga tshukuluka xikan’we na nhlayo wa mati leyinga e henhla kutlula mpimo ekusuhi na mbilu.
Nsawutiso wa mavabyi ya pulpy kidney wakumeka.

Tetanus

Tetanus yi vangiwa hiti bacteria leti hlaselaka swilondza naswona tita vanga leswaku kuva naku tiyela eka milenge na mavoko ya xifuwo, kunga hefemuli kahle xikan’we nati spasms. Nhloko yitala ku govekela endzhaku, ku tikeriwa ku kandziya e hansi, naswona matihlo ya pfaleka nyana.
Ambala ti gloves loko u tshungula swifuwo sweswo – chela murhi eka swilondza, susa nhlonge leyinga fa naswona u chela ti antibiotic. Veka swifuwo laha kunga dzwihala, ka ndzhawu leyinga miyela kutani u uswi phamela swakudya na mati.

Bluetongue

Mavabyi lawa ya hangalakaka hiku hatlisa lawa ya fambisiwaka hiti midges naswona yatala ku humelela endzhaku ka timpfula ta matimba naswona laha maxelo ya kufumelaka naku tsakama. Timbuti tita tikomba hi mukhuhlwani, ku pfimba milomo nakuva ti veka tinhamu eka xiyimo xoka xinga tolovelekangi.
Ku engetela kwalano, ririmi ritava riri ra muhlovo wa wasi naswona milayeni yotshuka yitava kona laha henhla ka swinondwani. Sawutisa swifuwo eka mavabyi lawa ya bluetongue hi ximun’wani (endzhaku ko tswala ximbutani naswona kungari eka tinhweti tinharhu tosungula taku biha e mirini), susa timbuti eminkoveni leyingana madyelo lawa ya tsakamaka naswona uti sivela eka switsotswana.

Heartwater

©Prof Horrock (ARC Onderstepoort Veterinary Research)
Mavabyi lawa ya vangiwa hi xigalani xa bont lexikumekaka eka tindzhawu letinga oma tingariki na gwitsi ta Afrika Dzonga, heartwater i mavabyi ya nghozi swinene. Swikoweto swikatsa mukhuhlwani (over 40℃), ku hundzuluxa tinhloko hindlela yoka yinga tolovelekangi, ku phupha xikhuvi e nonweni na tinhompfu xikanwe na mafambelo yoka yanga tolovelekangi kukatsa ku fambela e henhla naku raha milenge. Tshungula hinkarhi walowo hiku tirhisa murhi wa oxytetracycline lowu tekaka nkarhi naswona unga sivela mavabyi ya heartwater hi nsawutiso.

Coccidiosis

©Susan Schoenian University of Maryland Extension
Coccidiosis i mavabyi ya swimbutani na swinyimpfani naswona yatala kuhumelela hikokwalaho ka swivala leswinga thyaka. Mavabyi lawa yakumeka eka tluva naswona yavangela nchuluko lowunga mati swinene, ku heleriwa hi mati emirini xikan’we nakunga tsakeli swakudya. Hambanyisa swifuwo leswi vabyaka eka leswinga hanya kahle entlhambini kutani u tshungula coccidiosis hi murhi lowunga lulamela tani hi laha Dokodela wa swifuwo anga tsundzuxa hakona.
Tshungula ku heleriwa hi mati hiku katsa hafu ya xilepulani xa munyu na 6 wa swilepulani swa chukele eka litara ya mati yokufumela. Nyikela 250 - 500 ml ka 4 hi siku kuringana masiku manharhu.

Roundworms

©Susan Schoenian University of Maryland Extension
Timbuti tinga kuma manyokanyokani loko tiri karhi tidya byasi. Swikoweto swa nhlaselo wa manyokanyokani lawa swikatsa kupfimba laha ehansi ka tihlaya, ku lahlekeriwa hi xiyimo loko laha endzeni ka matihlo ku basulukile. Tirhisa chati ya FAMACHA© ku vona loko swifuwo swilava vutshunguri kuya hi marhimila ya swona loko ya basulukile. Nchuluko wunga tlhela wuvakona kambe kunga ehleketeleriwi mavabyi yan’wana.

Tapeworms

©Susan Schoenian University of Maryland Extension
Yanga vonaka tani hi swipatsu swobasa eka vulongo bya timbuti, manyokanyokani lawa ya khumba xiyimo xa mbuti kambe aswi chavisi kufana nati roundworms. Hlawula vutshunguri bya manyokanyokani lebyingata tshungula manyokanyokani hinkwawo.

Liver Fluke

Liver flukes ti phambarhalile, tina xivumbeko xa tluka naswona tikumeka ekusuhi na laha kungana nyongwa exivindzini xa xifuwo. Bottle neck, marhimila yo basuluka naku ondza i swin’wana swa swikoweto swa nhlaselo wa liver fluke. Vutomi bya ti parasite leti tale ndzeni byi katsa madyelo lawa ya tsakamaka xikan’we na humba yokarhi. Biyelela madyelo lawa ya tsakamaka kutani u tshungula timbuti hiku tirhisa murhi lowu tsarisiweke.
Tiva leswaku: Vuxokoxoko lebyi i byo dyondzisa xikan’we naku lemukisa ntsena naswona byinge tekiwi tani hi switsundzuxo swa vutshunguri. Vuxokoxoko lebyi abyi endleriwangi ku teka ndzhawu ya switsundzuxo swa vutshunguri kumbe vutshunguri lebyi nyikeriwaka hi Dokodela wa swifuwo.

Translated by Ike Ngobeni