Izifo Eziqhelekileyo kunye Neengxaki Kwiibhokhwe

©Susan Schoenian University of Maryland Extension
Izifo kunye neengxaki zempilo kwibhokhwe azenziwa zimeko ezithile kuphela ezifana (neentsholongwane, ubumdaka, iprotozoa okanye iintshulube) kodwa nokungafumani ukutya okunesondlo kuzo kungenza iingxaki. Umzekelo ukutya okungekho sempilweni ngunobangela wokuphuma kwezisu kwiibhokhwe ezimithiyo.
Iingxaki kwiibhokhwe ezithi zivele nezilonda ziquka amathumba, amathumba nasezinyaweni, kunye ne- orf. ezinye izifo zingazala ezinye, umzekeloi-orf ne mastitis. Abantwana bebhokhwe bangayihambisa i-orf isuke emilonyeni iye kwingono zebele kwi mazi encancisayo. Ezo mazi ke zisemngciphekweni wokubane mastitis (ukudumba kwamabele).
Ezinye izifo zingabonakalisa iimpawu ezifanayo; iibhokhwe ezine tetanus, bluetongue, kunye ne heartwater zonke zingabonakalisa ukungazinzi, njengokuzi krwempa umzimba. Logama ukuhambisa iluphawu le coccidiosis kunye nosuleleko lwentshulube. Kubalulekile ukuzahlula nokuqaphela iimpawu zezifo kwibhokhwe.
Ezinye izifo zithinteleka ngcono ngoku goywa ezifana ne pulpy kidney ne tetanus kwaye inkqubo yogonyo eluqilima ingathintela ezinye izifo ezithi zifunyanwe ziibhokhwe kunye nosuleleko lwentshulube ngaphathi. Cela ulwazi oluphangaleleyo kulowo ungu gqirha wezilwanyana okanye lowo uchongiweyo usebenza ngenkathalelo yezilwanyana.

Abortion

©Susan Schoenian University of Maryland Extension
Ukuphulukana netakane lisese siswini kwibhokhwe emithiyo kungenziwa kukulamba kwe mazi emithiyo okanye zimeko ezifana ne Chlamydia (Unyango :Gonya) okanye iCoxiella (Unyango: tick control). Ukuthintela ukuphulukana nesisu kwibhokhwe emithiyo, qinisekisa iimazi ezimithiyo zifumana iprotein kunye nokutya okunikeza amandla ngokwaneleyo. Cela lowo uthengisa ukutya kwezilwanyana ukufuphi okanye ugqirha wezilwanyana ngengcebiso.

Abscess

©Susan Schoenian University of Maryland Extension
I-Abscess iye ibonakale ingqukuva, idumbile kwaye inobuhlungu xa ichukunyiswa. I-Abscess zenzeka xa intsholongwane ingena kwinxeba. iAbscess iye icocecwe ikhanywe amanzi ngezixhobo ezicociweyo. Landelanisa nge ngenaliti ene antibiotic.

Foot Abscess

©Susan Schoenian University of Maryland Extension
I-Foot abscess yenziwa yintsholongwane engenele kumanxeba amancinci (enziwe kukulunywa ngamakhalane) ezinyaweni. I-Foot abscesses ziye ziqapheleke xa iibhokhwe zizifa amalungu omzimba zinentlungu nokudumba kweentupha. Unyawengo lwe foot abscesses luquka unyango nge antibiotics ezine oxytetracycline, ukufakwa kwidiphu ukususa amakhalane.

Orf

©Susan Schoenian University of Maryland Extension
i-Orf (okanye izilonda emlonyeni) sisifo esosulelayo esifumaneka sisosulela isikhumba nendawo ezifana (namehlo, umlomo, iimpumlo, kunye nengono( zegusha okanye iibhokhwe. I- Orf iyakwazi ukusulela nakuluntu. Gcina izilwanyana ezine Orf kude kumhlambi ze uthambise izitshanguba nge vaselina (nxiba izikhuseli zandla) okanye uthambise isithsuthsuzi se antibiotic. Ugonyo lunganceda ukuthintela i-Orf ingasuleli ezinye izilwanyana kumhlambi.

Mastitis

©Fir0021
i-Mastitis lusuleleko elinokudumba olubuhlungu kakhulu lwamabele. Iimpawu ziquka umkhuhlane, uxinzeleleko lwengqondo, ukungacaceli ukutya, nokunga vumeli amathole ancance ngenxa yeentlungu. Ibele liba bomvu lidumbe, ubisi lunga luncinci lubhitye lufane namanzi okanye libenegazi libengqombo ngamahlwili.
Tshintsha ibhotile yamanzi ashushu ngeya manzi abandayo (ngebhotile) ucinezele ngebandayo (iziqede ezibandayo kwi tawula) imizuzu emihlanu (5) ukuya kwelishumi (10) nganye ze unyange ngenaliti ye antibiotic kumsipha. Ncancisa ngebhotile amathole anomama abane mastitis ngobisi olucocekileyo kwaye elisempilweni ukuze amathole angalambi.
Ungaxubi ubisi olune mastitis nobisi olusempilweni.

Pneumonia

©Susan Schoenian University of Maryland Extension
iPneumonia yenziwa yi bacteria egama liyi Pasteurella kunye ne Mannheimia kwaye ingaphuma xa iibhokhwe ziphantsi koxinzelelo lwengqondo – isimo sezulu esibi, ukuhanjiswa ngesithuthi, ukutshintsha kwesimo sezulu.
Iimpawu ziquka umkhuhlane, ukuphefumla nzima, ukukhohlela, incindi ephuma ezimpumlweni nobunzima xa ibhokhwe isitya.
Nyanga nge oxytetracycline esebanza kakhulu. Zinikeze indawo yokuhlala xa isimo sezulu sisibi naxa zithabatha uhambo olude, zivumele izilwanyana ziphumle, zisele amanzi zitye nokutya kwazo.

Pulpy Kidney

iPulpy Kidney sisifo esibulalayo esenziwa yintsholongwane kwaye ivame ukufumaneka kwizilwanyane ezise ncinci. Ilandela xa kuthe kwatshintshwa indlela yokutya ngokukhawuleza kwaye iyakhawuleza ukuvela. Izilwanyana zingabonakalisa indlela yokuhamba ebhetyebhetye kunye nokuxhuzula okanye zife ngesiquphe ngaphandle kokubonakalisa iimpawu. Unyango luye lufumaneke kade kodwa ipulpy kidney ingathintelwa ngokuthi indlela yokutya entsha yaziswe kancinci kancinci.
Ukwenza utyando lomzimba wesilwanyana esifileyo kungabonisa izintso ezithambileyo eziphatshileyo, amathumbu abomvu agcwele umoya kunye namanzi ongezelekileyo kwisingxobo esingqonge intliziyo.
Ugonyo lokuchasana ne pulpy kidney luyafumaneka.

Tetanus

iTetanus yenziwa yintsholongwane esulela amanxeba ze yenze ukuqina kwamalungu, ukuphefumla okunqamlekayo kunye noku xuzuleka. Intloko ijonga ngemva, iyajika-jika ukwenza ingxolo okanye ukuchukumisa kuyabaxwa kwaye ingqukuva engaphakathi kwelihlo ihamba hamba kwimehlo.
Nxiba izikhuseli zandla xa unyanga izilwanyana- coca amanxeba, susa okufileyo emzimbeni unikeze i-antibiotic. Faka izilwanyana kwindawo emnyama, ethulekileyo, uzinikeze ukutya namanzi.

Bluetongue

Esisifo sosulelayo siziswa zingcongconi kwaye zivela emveni kwemvula ezinamandla naphantsi kwemeko ezomileyo nezimanzi zesimo sezulu. Iibhokhwe zibonakalisa umkhuhlane ophezulu, imilebe edumbileyo, iintamo zime ngendlela engaqhelekanga. Ukongeza, ulwimi libangumbala oluhlaza, nendawo ezibomvu ziyavela phezu kweentupha. Gonyisa ukulwa ne bluetongue entwasahlobo (emveni kobuntwana, kodwa hayi kwinyanga zokuqala ezintathu zokumitha), zisuse iibhokhwe kumadlelo asezantsi amanzi kwaye uwakhusele kwizinambuzane.

Heartwater

©Prof Horrock (ARC Onderstepoort Veterinary Research)
Yenziwa yi bont tick efumaneka kwindawo ezingena mbethe ezomileyo zalapha eMzantsi Afrika, iHeartwater sisifo esinobungozi kakhulu. Iimpawu ziquka umkhuhlane (ongapha ko 40 ℃ ), zijike iintloko ngendlela engaqhelekanga, ziphuma amagwebu emlonyeni nase mpumlweni kunye nokuphazamiseka ngengqondo okufana nokuhambela phezulu nokukhaba. Nyanga ngoku khawuleza nge oxytetracycline uthintele iheartwater ngo gonyo.

Coccidiosis

©Susan Schoenian University of Maryland Extension
iCoccidiosis sisifo samathole ebhokhwe namathole egusha kwaye iye ibekhona ngenxa yesibaya esimdaka neendawo zokuhlala ezingacocekanga. Isifo sifumaneka kumgquba kwaye senza ukuhambisa kwesisu, ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni nokungabina mdla wokutya. Bekela bucala izilwanyana ezigulayo kumhlambi unyange icoccidiosis ngonyango njengoko ucetyisiwe ngu gqirha wezilwanyane omsebenzisayo.
Nyanga ukuphela kwamanzi emzimbeni ngomxube wengxenye ye cetshana le tyuwa namacetshana amathandathu (6) eswekile kwi litre yamanzi adikidiki. Nikeza 250 – 500 ml kane (4) ngemini iintsuku ezintathu.

Roundworms

©Susan Schoenian University of Maryland Extension
Iibhokhwe zingafumana iroundworms xa zitye ingca. Iimpawu zosuleleko lwe roundworms kukudumba kwamazinyo angezantsi, ukungaboni kakuhle logama amehlo ngaphakathi ephatshile. Sebenzisa iFAMACHA chart ukuqonda okokuba zeziphi izilwanyana ezifuna unyango ngoko mfinya wazo (mucous membrane level of paleness). Ukuhambisa isisu kungakhona kodwa akufunekanga kuphazamiswe nezinye izifo.

Tapeworms

©Susan Schoenian University of Maryland Extension
Ibonakala ngentwana ezimhlophe ebulongweni, itapeworm ichaphazela imeko yebhokhwe kodwa ayinabungozi obufana ne roundworms. Khetha unyango lwe ntshulube elizakunyanga zombini iround kunye ne tapeworm.

Liver Fluke

iLiver flukes zimbaca, zime okukwegqabi iintshulube zifumaneka kwinyongo kwisibindi sezilwanyana. Intamo yebhotile, umfinya ophatshileyo kwimpumlo nokuphulukana nomzimba zimpawu zosuleleko lwe liver fluke. Ubomi besisingcungcuthekisi kwizilwanyana buquka amadlelo amanzi kunye nesinyeke esithile. Faka ucingo indawo ezimanzi unyange iibhokhwe ngeyeza leentshulube elisemthethweni.
Nceda Qaphela : ulwazi lungenjongo yokufundisa nokunikeza ulwazi kuphela kwaye akufunekanga luthathwe njenge ngcebiso yezonyango olusemthethweni. Kwaye olu lwazi alunayo injongo yokuthatha indawo yonyango olusemthethweni okanye unyango olunikezwa ngu gqirha wezilwanyana.

Translated by Zikhona Plaatjie