Tidzingo taseMakhayeni ku Aquaculture

© Nicholas James

Umlandvo we Aquaculture yaseMakhayeni eAfrika

Ngesikhatsi samuva semakholonisi ngemnyaka wa 1960, kumahhovisi kumave lamaningi ase Afrika etama kutfutfukisa iaquaculture etindzaweni letisemakhaya, ikakhulu lawo emacembu etilapia. Ngesikhatsi, itilapia yekutsengiswa yelisiko esigabeni sayo sekukhula, ngako kuchupha lokuhle nebulili bunye bekungatiwa. Lokusakateka kwekwehluleka kwaletitintfo kanye netifundvo letafundvwa kuloko kwehluleka kwakha sisekelo sekukhula lokwehlukile kutilapia yekufuywa eminyakeni lelengcile lemashumi lamabili nesihlanu mhlabawonkhe.
Kwetfulwa kwe Orechromis mossambicus (itilapia yase Mozambique) kuya eIndonesia ngesikhatsi Semphi yeSibili yeMhlaba yema Japanese yakhutsatsa lokusakateka kwekusetjentiswa kwalawa macembu. Ngalokubuhlungu ke, kungahlalelani ngekushesha kwaba nekubonakala. Tizatfu tekungahlalelani kwe tilapia yase Mozambique tifaka:
Kukhula kancane
Kukhicitwa lokukhulu
Kuma lokubi kwemtimba nekukhokhwa kwenyama
Kungavumeli tifo letiphansi
Ngemnyaka wa 1980 O. niloticus (itilapia yase Nile) yaba ngiyo kuphela lecotfo kumacembu entsengo. Lo luhlelo lwe GIFT – luhlelo lolukhetsiwe lwaletincane lwe ‘Genetically Improved Farmed Tilapia’ – yatfutfukiswa ePhilippines yaphindze yakhuphula sigaba lesibekiwe setingalo-letiphakeme, lenyalo tisetjentiswa mhlabawonkhe.

Tindlela teKufuya iTilapia – Lihhoko Lelisiko

iTilapia ingakhicitwa ngetindlela letehlukene. Lihhoko lelisiko kutinkelebhu letinkhulu lilungiselelwa kuNkelebhu ye Kariba, iVictoria ne Volta, kanjalo nakuMfula we Nile. Nomakunjalo, itilapia ngelisiko lelihhoko ngu 100% kushiyane ngekudula kwekudla lokungasiko. Timo telizinga lemanti kumele tichubeke ekukhuleni ngesikhatsi lesimfisha ngekuya kwentsengo.
Kubita kwekudla kwe tilapia yintfo lemcoka futsi emahhoko lamaningi etilapia ahambela etigabeni letiphakeme, kukhuliswa kwemisebenti lehlanganiswako ibelicembu linye lengakalungeli kumumango wasemakhaya nge aquaculture.

Tindlela tekuFuya iTilapia

©Nicholas James
RAS (re-circulating aquaculture systems) ivame kutfutfukiswa njengendlela ye aquaculture yelikusasa. Sisindvo semantic lasetjentiswako sikalekile futsi nekugadvwa kwawo endzaweni ngaletitindlela iphakeme. Nomakunjalo, letitindlela tisebenta kancono etindzaweni-letiphucukile letidvute nemakethe noma kwenta bukhona bentsengo ye RAS kumimango yasemakhaya ibeyinkinga.
Ingoti yekulahleka kwesitoko lesiphelele isetullu, ikakhulu ngenca yaletindlela letinemfutfo ngekuya kwelusuku, busuki neliviki. Loku bese kudzinga umfutfo webantfu labanye lodulile, umsebenti wemishina nelwati; tonkhe letingasiko letinhle tetindzawo letisemakhaya noma emimangweni.

Tindlela tekuFuya iTilapia – Lisiko Lemhlaba Lemanti lamancane

Imimango lesemakhaya ivame kusebenta ngetindlela tagesi. Nomanje tindlela te aquaculture kumele tilungele lamandla lanika tigaba letitfolwako noma letikhona. eNingizimu Afrika, lena mimango ivame kubasetindzaweni letiphansi noma tindzawo letinemanti. Totimbili letitindlela tiyincenye levumela indzawo yemanti lamancane elisiko lemfishi, ikakhulu ngekufuya itilapia.
Emadamu ekunisela, abe angalungi njengetintfo te aquaculture kwatona, kunganika emanti lamaningi kutindzawo temanti lamancane ngaphambi asetjentiselwe kunisela. Kubekwa imisebenti yekufuya itilapia ngaphansi kwemadamu noma ngakumakhanali ekunisela kuyecwayiswa.
Tidzingo telwati tendzawo yemanti lamancane etimfishi telisiko tifundvwa malula futsi atidzingi sigaba lesibukeka kancono kanye nelwati njengekudzingwa yi RAS. Lisiko Lemhlaba Lemanti Lamancane liyintfo lekahle kumimango lesemakhaya lapho khona lwati lolufana nalolu alukho ngisho khona nyalo.

Translated by Phindile Malotana