Umlando we-Aquaculture ze-Africa
Ngesikhathi sabo-1960, abomabhalani benarha ezinengi ze-Africa balinga ukugcugcuzela ukufywa kwemfesi ngamanzi afretjhi eendaweni ezisemakhaya, khulukhulu umhlobo wefesi i-tilapia. Ngeskhatheso, ukuthengiswa ngehloso yokwenza inzuzo kwefesi yomhlobo i-tilapia gade kusathoma, kungakadumi khulu. Ukubhalelwa kwehlelo labeli kanye nemfundo abazifunda ngokubhalelwa kwabokho kwatlama isisekelo sokobana kungezeleleke ukufuywa kwemfesi zomhlobo we-tilapia eminyakeni edlulileko eyi-25.
Ukuthulwa kwe-Oreochromis mossambicus (i-tilapia ye-Mozambique) ukuya e-Indonesia ngesikhathi sepi yephasi yesibili-Second World War bantu be-Japan kagcugcuzela bona kurhatjheke ukusetjenziswa kwemihlobo le yemfesi. Ngebhadi, ukungafaneleki kwayo kwabasepepeneni. Abonobangela bokobana ingafaneleki ifesi ye-Mozambique le kufaka hlangana kobana:
Zikhula kabuthaka
Zikhiqizwa ngobunengi
Zinemizimba emimbi
Zibanjwa malwelwe msinya
Ngeminyaka yabo-1980 i-O. Niloticus - (Nile tilapia) yaba yifesi yinye zwi eyafuywa ngehloso yokwenza inzuzo ngayo. Program ye-The GIFT ekuyiprogramu yokufuya ye-‘Genetically Improved Farmed Tilapia’ - yatlanywa enarheni ye-Phillipines yabeka imigomo yekhwalithi ephezulu ye-fingelings, esele isetjenziswa ephasini loke.
Isistimu Yokufuywa Kwayo - Isiko Lamakheji
I-Tilapia ingakhiqizwa kumasistimu ahlukahlukeneko. Isiko lokusebenzisa amakheji emadamini amakhulu lenziwa khulu e-Kariba, Victoria kanye ne-Volta kanye nemlanjeni i-Nile River. Nanyana kunjalo i-tilapia lapha kusetjenziswa isistimu yekheji ethembele ekusetjenzisweni kwesistimu lapha iimfesi ziphiwa ukudla ngamakheji nge-100% begodu ukudla kwakhona kuyabiza godu akusikho kwamambala. Ikhwalithi yamanzi kutlhogeka bona irholele ekutheni zikhule ngeskhathi esifitjhani.
Iindleko zokudla kwefesi yomhlobo we-tilapia ziqakathekile begodu ama-tilapia amanengi aneleveli ephezulu yamaprojekuthi wokutjalwa kwemmali, begodu akafaneleki emphakathini osemakhaya.
Isistimu Yokufuywa Kwemfesi Zomhlobo we-Tilapia
I-RAS (re-circulating aquaculture systems) ivamiswe ukugcugcuzelwa njengendlela ze-aquaculture zakusasa. Umthamo wamanzi osetjenziswako awusimnengi begodu ukulawulwa kwemvelo kamasistimu la kuphezulu. Nanyana kunjalo, amasistimu la asebenza kuhle eendaweni ezisemakhaya eziseduze kwalapha kunemaraga khona okwenza bona ukuthembeka kwezomnotho kwe-RAS eendaweni ezisemakhaya kubemraro.
Ingozi yokulotjwa kwestoko iphezulu, khulukhulu ngabanga lokobana amasistimu la athembele emandleni wegezi 24/7. Loch kutlhoga bona kube nemitjhini eletha amandla ezisebenzelako, nempere zawo kanye nabo-technician abanerhono lokuwusebenzisa nekuzizinto ezingabamraro eendaweni ezisemakhaya ezikude nayo yoke into.
Isistimu Yokufuywa Kwemfesi Zomhlobo we-Tilapia
Iindawo ezisemakhaya zivamise ukuba kude nalapha kunegezi esebenza ngokuthembeka khona.Njeke isistimu ye-aquaculture kutlhogeka boba ikhambelane nokusatjalaliswa kwegezi kanye neleveli yerhono elikhona. E-Sewula Africa, imiphakathi le ivamise ukufaneleka lapha kuyindawo espara khona nanyana eendaweni ezinamanzi amanengi. Amabanga amabili la arholela ekutheni kufuywe ngokuphumelela iimfesi ngendlela ze-pond culture, khulukhulu lokha nakufuywa iimfesi zomhlobo we-tilipia.
Amadamu wokuthelelela, lokha afaneleke ukusetjenziselwa i-aquaculture ngokwawo, anganikeza ngamanzi amanengi ngaphambi kobana amadamu la asetjenziselwe ukuthelelela. Ukobana wenze i-project ye-tilipia, kuyeleliswa bona kufanele, ibe seduze nendawo esemadamini nanyana eduze kwamaphayiphi wokuthelelela kuku.
Irhono elitlhogakalako lokufuya iimfesi ngomhlobo we-earth pond fish culture ngebanga lokobana ufundwa lula begodu awusibudisi nerhono elitlhogwa yi-RAS alisilinengi. I-earth pond culture yihle lokha nawufuna ukufuya iimfesi eendaweni ezisemakhaya lapha lingekho irhono lokwenza njalo.
Translated By Busisiwe Skhosana