Swilaveko Swale Makaya eka Aquaculture

Matimu ya Aquaculture yale Makaya e Afrika

Himinkarhi yaku fumiwa hi valungu yava 1960s, vurhangeri byo tala eka matiko ya Afrika byi ringetile ku hlohletela aquaculture yale makaya, ngopfu ngopfu ya tinxaka ta tilapia. Hinkarhi walowo, ndzhavuko waku xavisiwa kati tilapia aswaha kusungula, se ku antswisiwa ka ti gene xikan’we nati fingerlings ta rimbewu rin’we aswinga se tiveka. Ku tsandzeka ka mapfumbha lawa loku aku hangalakile xikan’we na ti dyondzo letikumekeke eka kutsandzeka loku swi endle masunguluo ya nkoka swinene eka ku engeteleleka ka vufuwi bya tilapia eka malembe ya lawa hundzeke ya 25 misava hinkwayo.
Ku nghenisiwa ka Oreochromis mossambicus (Mozambique tilapia) e Indonesia hinkarhi wa Second World War hi ma Japanese swihlohletele kuhangalaka lokukulu ka muxaka lowu. Xobiha, kuva yinga fanelangi kayona swivuye swi vonaka. Swivangelo swakuva Mozambique tilapia yinga lulamelangi swikatsa leswi landzelaka:
Kukula hiku nonoka
Ku tswalana ngopfu
Xivumbeko xoka xingari kahle xa miri na mbuyelo wa nyama
Kuka yinga kondzelei mavabyi
Hi malembe yava 1980s O. niloticus (Nile tilapia) yi hundzuke muxaka wuri woxe lowu awua xavisiwa. Nongonoko wa GIFT – kunga nongonoko lowu hlawuriweke wa ‘Genetically Improved Farmed Tilapia’ – wutumbuluxiwile e Philippines kutani wuveka xiyimo ehenhla swinene xati fingerlings, leti sweswi titirhisiwaka misava hinkwayo.

Mafuwelo ya Tilapia – Ndzhavuko wa Cage

Tilapia yinga humelerisiwa eka mafuwelo yohambana hambana. Ndzhavuko wa cage eka ti lakes letikulu watirhisiwa eka tofana na Lakes Kariba, Victoria na Volta, xikan’we nale ka Nile River. Hambiswiritano, tilapia eka mafuwelo ya ndzhavuko wa cage wu tshmbele 100% eka swakudya leswi xaviwaka swodurha. Swiyimo swa khwalithi ya mati swiyisa eka kukula kakahle hi nkarhi wokoma lowu kotekaka waku humelela ka ikhonomi.
Ntsengo wa swakudya swa tilapia iswa nkoka leswi tirhisiwaka naswona ndzhavuko wa cage wa tilapia iwa xiyimo xale henhla lowu kombaka kutlakuka eka ti projeke ta vuvekisi naswona awu lulamelangi eka mafuwelo yale matiko xikaya ya aquaculture.

Mafuwelo ya Tilapia- Recirculating Aquaculture Systems

RAS (re-circulating aquaculture systems) yitala ku hlohleteriwa tani hi maendlelo ya vumundzuku ya aquaculture. Nlhayo ya mati leyi tirhisiwaka iyi ntsongo naswona vulawuri bya mbango eka maendlelo lawa byile henhla. Hambiswiritano, maendlelo lawa ya tirha kahle eka tindzhawu tale madorobeni letinga ekusuhi swinene na timakete leswi endlaka leswaku kuhumelela ka ikhonomi ya RAS ematiko xikaya swiva xiphiqo.
Khombo raku lahlekeriwa hi xitoko rile henhla swinene, ngopfu ngopfu hileswaku maendlelo lawa ya tshembele ngopfu eka matimba 24/7. Leswi swilava ntsena nseketelo lowu tirhaka hi woxe wa matimba wo durha swinene, tiphatsi xikan’we na ntokoto wa vutshila kuva a tirhisa michini leyi; leswingariki kahle eka tindzhawu totani kumbe tale matiko xikaya.

Mafuwelo ya Tilapia - Earth Pond Culture

Tindzhawu tale makaya titala ku kaleriwa hi switirhisiwa swotani hi gezi. Leswi maendlelo ya aquaculture yanga fanela kuva ya lulamele swona xikan’we na vutshila lebyi kumekaka. E Dzongeni wa Afrika, tindzhawu leti totala titala kuva tiri eminkoveni laha kungana mati swinene. Leswi hinkwaswo swiseketela ndzhavuko wa tihlampfi tale swidan’wanini ngopfu ngopfu loko ku fuyiwa tilapia.
Madamu ya ncheleto, lawa yanga lulamelangiki kuva yari switirhisiwa swa aquaculture hi woxe, yanga nyikela mati yotala swinene laha kungana tihlampfi laha eku heteleleni yanga tirhisiwaka ku cheleta. Mavekiwelo ya tiprojeke ta vufuwi bya tilapia ehansi kufana na madamu kumbe migerho leyi tirhisiwaka ku cheleta swa hlohleteriwa.
Vutshila lebyi lavekaka ekandzhavuko wa tihlampfi tale swidan’wanini byi hatlisa ku dyondziwa naswona abyi lavi kutikisiwa kokarhi kumbe vutshila lebyi laviwaka hi RAS. Ndzhavuko lowu wukahle swinene emakaya laha vutshila lebyi byingariki kona eka nkarhi wa sweswi.

Translated by Ike Ngobeni