Sibiliso yindlela yekusebenta ngesikhatsi tintfo letincane tigucula kudla lokucinile (lokuniketa emandla emtimbeni) nashukela kugucuke ngetindlela noma tintfo letifana netjwala (liwayini) kanye ne esidi lefana ne lactic acid (cheese) ne carbon dioxide (bhiya).
Kubilisa njengendlela yekugadza kudla lokwakhiwako lithuluzi liyasetjentiswa kwentela kugucula sinongo saletintfo letentiwe (kufana nekusuka ku jusi kuya kuliwayini), kuvalela tintfo letiluhlata (njenge likhabishi lelakhiwe laba yi sauerkraut ne kimchi) kanye nekususa noma kusungula kudla lokusha (njenge monosodium glutamate – MSG).
Yini Sibiliso?
Sibiliso yindlela ngesikhatsi lapho loshukela (glucose) ekudleni noma tintfo letiphilako tephukile ngenca yetintfo letincane letehlukahlukene. Ngalesikhatsi sekubilisa, tintfo letisetjentiswako letifana ne carbon dioxide, iglycerol, acetone kanye netjwala kuyentiwa.
Kubilisa kungacalwa ngekukhuntsisa, emagciwane, imvubelo noma ienzymes kantsi nalenhlobo yaletotintfo ishiyana ngekutsi ngutiphi tintfo leticale lomsebenti. Njenge, monosodium glutamate (MSG) yakheka ngesikhatsi lamagciwane afakiwe, vitamin B2 na B12 lokuvela ngesibiliso sekukhuntsa kanye netjwala ne carbon dioxide yakheka ngemuva kwekubila kwe yeast.
Kubila kwenteka ngesikhatsi kungekho ioxygen phindze futsi, ngulapho, kuyindlela ye anaerobic.
Tinhlobo te Sibiliso
Tibiliso tihlelwa ngetindlela tetinhlobo tema microorganism letikhona noma letifakiwe, ngaletintfo letentiwe (kufana ne ethanol, ilactic acid, icarbon dioxide) kanye nalokudla lokubiliswako – inyama, imfishi, lubisi, tibhidvo, kudla lokuhlala ehlangeni lokufana nema bhontjisi kanjalo nekudla kwetinhlavu kanye netitselo.
Yinye inhlobo yekubilisa kubilisa nge lactic acid.
Kudla lokucinile noma shukela kuyaguculwa kube yi lactic acid ngekutsi kufakwe imvubelo noma emagciwane.
Ngalesisikhatsi salenhlobo yekubilisa kudla lokufana ne yoghurt, sinkhwa saflawa wemasi, isauerkraut ne kimchi kuyakhiwa. (Ikimchi kudla kwesintfu lokubabako kwase Korea lokwakhiwe kusuka ekhabishini lelibilisiwe, pepper lobovu wemphuphu, igarlic, iginger nalokunye. Bantfu labahluphekile).
Lenye inhlobo yesibiliso kubilisa ngetjwala.
Ngesikhatsi sekubilisa ngetjwala kudla lokucinile noma shukela kuyaguculwa kube yi ethanol ne carbon dioxide ngekutsi kufakwe imvubelo. Imifanekiso yaletintfo liwayini na bhiya.
Inhlobo yesitsatfu yekubilisa yi acid sibilliso se acetic acid.
Tinhlavu kanye nesitselo kubiliswa kwentela kwakha ivinegar kany ne kombucha – sinatfo lesibilisiwe.
Tintfo Letitfolakala ngeKubilisa
Tintfo letibilisiwe tivame kubamelula kugayeka kunaloko lokudliwa kuluhlata phindze kutfola letinye tintfo letifana nekufakela ienzymes, probiotics, (‘titnfo letiphilako’) kanye nemanutrients lafana na vitamin C, iron ne zinc ngesikhatsi kubila.
Kubilisa kungaphindze kunciphise noma kususe tintfo letingabulala letifana nema ‘nutrients langasiwo’ iphytic acid. Le phytic acid ihlanganisa emanutrients lafana ne calcium, magnesium, izinc ne iron etinhlavini nakumabhontjisi. Ngenchubo ye enzymatic ngesikhatsi sekubilisa, le acid ye phytic iphukela phansi kantsi lawa emanutrients ayakhululeka abese ayatfolwa kwentela umtimba kutsi ubambe.
Tintfo Letibilisiwe
Bhiya neliwayini kwatiwa njengekudla lokubiliseka kahle ngekutsi kubiliswe ngashukela nemvubelo. Kubhiya, lomphumela walesibiliso uyabonakala njenge ‘ligwebu’ (noma inhloko yabhiya) kantsi kuletinatfo totimbili, tjwala bunika sengetetelo salokufakiwe.
Sinongo se Soy kanye nekwekubhodela kwe miso kwakhiwa ngesibiliso semabhontjisi, tinhlavu te wheat, emanti kanye neluswayi. I-Monosodium glutamate (MSG) yakhiwa ngekubilisa tintfo letifana netinhlavu tashukela, umoba noma imolasses.
Letinye tintfo letibilisiwe letifaka isalami, ema olives, cheese, ivinegar, itempeh (intfo leyakhiwe nge soy yase Indonisia) ne natto (kudla lokunambutelako kwase Japan lowakhiwe ngemabhontjisi).
Akusiko konkhe kudla lokubilisiwe lokwetfwele tintfo letiphilako. Lokunye kudla kwakhiwe kantsi phindze ngesikhatsi sekwentiwa kufana nekushisisa, kubhaka noma kubekwa emlilweni, emagciyane lamancane ayabulaleka. Imifanekiso sinongo se soy, bhiya kanye neliwayini kanjalo ne chocolate kanye nenhlama yesinkhwa semasi.
Kubilisa kuphindze kusetjentiswe ngesikhatsi sekwakhiwa kwelitiya, iwhisky, ivodka nalokunye.
Translated by Phindile Malotana