Umkhicito waLokumanyako lokuvela eChina. Labadzala bayati kutsi iEmpress His Ling Shi, umka Emperor Huang Ti, lophindze atiwe njenga Yellow Emperor, lowatfola lokumanyatelako ngemuva kwe sibungu lesimanyako icocoon leyawela enkomishini yelitiya. Le empress yatsatfwa ngulomunyaka futsi inconyelwa ekunakeni lesibungu lesimanyako isigucule sibe yi reel ne loom.
I-China yagcina imfihlo ngendlela yekutsi lokumanya kwakhicitelwa dvute neminyaka lemitsatfu, nanobe ngubani lowetama kungenisa emacandza, ema cocoons noma sibungulesimanyako ngaphandle kwalelive usheshe asuswe. Bagayi nabo kumele bahambe Indlela lemanyako leyiyingoti, levuleka ngetulu kwema km latinkhulungwan letisitfupha nemakhulu lasihlanu kusuka eEastern China kuya eMediterranean ngelihlandze lase Takla Makan kanye nentsaba yase Pamir kwentela kuyotsenga lokumanyako ngekutsi yenta tincenye letitsite tendlela.
Tintfo letiningi letentiwako tiphila ngekutsi lemfihlo yalokumanyako kwephulwa. Kunye lokubambe inkhosatana yase China kwakhokha emacandza ngeliphini letinwele ngesikhatsi lenkhosatana ishada lenye inkhosana lesuka kulelinye live. Lokunye kutsi, bahambi base China bakhokha emacandzana ngesikhatsi baya kulamanye emave lase Eastern.
Le West yabamba lokungaba ngu 550 C.E ngesikhatsi le Byzantine emperor Justinian itfumela emamonks lamabili eAsia, lowahambisa emacandza ngetingobiyane.
Umkhicito wangaPhesheya
I-China solo inelitiko lelikhulu le sericulture, ilandzelwe yi India. Tisindvo letincane tiphindze tikhokhe emaveni lafana ne Korea, iThailand ne Brazil.
Umkhicito waseNdzaweni
Kusuka ngeminyako ya 600, tinhlobo letehlukene tetihlahla tema mulberry taletfwa eNingizimu Afrika kusuka eThailand, eTaiwan, nase Indonesia. Ngemnyaka wa 1726, tibunguletimanyako taletfwa kulelive yiNkapani yema Dutch ase East India.
Lokumanyako kwabese kuyetfulwa tigcila kwatsi muva, umfutfo wentiwa kutsi kucalwe isericulture yetigcila dvute nase Stellenbosch.
Ngesikhatsi sekuphela kweminyaka yelishumi nemfica, isericulture yase Italy tati tefika eNingizimu Afrika kwentela kutfola litiko letekumanya eGouna, lelala dvute ne Knysna lese Western Cape. Lababahlali batsemba kutsi batokhona kucla kutilimela ngekushesha, nomakunjalo, eGouna bekute tihlahla tema mulberry, lokwakuchaza kutsi labahlali bekumele bagucukele ekulimeni kanye nasekujubeni tigodvo kwentela kukhona kutiphilisa. Letihlahla temamulberry tabese tiyalinywa tiphelelwa ngesimo lesingavumin kutsi kulinywe.
Ngesikhatsi seminyaka ya 1980, Lelitiko Letekulima lacala umsebenti we sericulture eMpumalanga. Tintfo letiningi tentiwa kwentela kuhlola tihlahla temamulberry lamaningi temacembu kanye nekulungiselelwa kwemikhicito. Ngemnyaka wa 1994, lomsebenti wemamulberry wacatjangwa yindlela lefihlekile ngemuva kwekuba hulumende avale kukhokha imali ngenca yekunyuka kwekubita kanye nekubuya lokuphansi kwemali.
Umkhicito
Yinye yemasericulture lasele yemapulazi eNingizimu Afrika ihleleke eMpumalanga dvute nase Graskop. Lelipulazi licishe linemahekitha lasitfupha ngaphansi kwetihlahla temamulberry ngemnyaka wa 2019. Letihlahla tiyancutfwa njalo ngeliviki lesitfupha kuya kulesiphohlongo tibe timfisha kwentela kunciphisa kunakekelwa kwemkhicito. Letihlahla tihliselwa phansi emhlabatsini ngesikhatsi sasebusika bese tiyakhula ngesikhatsi sentfwasahlobo. Kute tihlahla letinsha letihlanyelwako kulelipulazi kusuka ngemnyaka wa 1994 ngenca yesimo setihlahla.
Sikhatsi Sekukhicita
Lapho khona le tibunguletimanyako tigcinwa bantfwana besikolwa tinemijikelo lemibili yekukhula, Lolokumanyako kwase Afrika kuhlupha umkhicito kutsi ubenekunika lokuchubekako mnyakawonkhe. Ngekusho kwa Ronel Swart, lomnikati wenkapani, lamacandza ayapholiswa kwentela kuvumela kukhokha kutalela njalo ngeliviki lesibili.
Sibungu lesisha lesichoboselwe sitfola emacembe lamancane ngona imihlatsi yawo ayikakhulu kahle lokwenta kubelukhuni kito kutsi tidle emacembe lamadzala. Letibungu tiphiwa kudla emahlandla lasihlanu, kushiyane ngesigaba sekukhula. Letibungu ticala nyakatisa lama cocoons ato nasetinetinsuku letimashumi lamatsatfu ngemuva kwekuchoboselwa.
Kuvama kutsatsa likilogram linye lekudla kutsi likhulise tibunguletimanyako letimashumi lasihlanu, nesibungu sinye lesikhokha lokumanyako lokungaba ngu 0.2 kg. Loku kuchaza kutsi ema cocoons langaba tinkhulungwane letine nemakhulu lasikhombisa nemashumi lasitfupha nakunye adzinga kukhokha lokungaba likilogram lalokumanyako.
Tinhlobo
Lokumanyako kukhokhwa ngelicembu le Bombyx mori, lekuyindlela yekufuya sibungulesimanyako kusuka kumndeni we Bombycidae. Letinye tilwanyana tiphindze tikhokhe sibungulesimanyako, lesifana ne Mopani eAfrika, kepha lokuvelela kwaso kwehlukile kunaloko kwesibungu lesikhicitiwe. Liningi laloku livunelwa emahlatsini.
Intsengo
Lokumanyako kwase Afrika kutsengisa lokwakhiwe endzaweni nangaphesheya, ikakhulu eEurope.
Kusetjentiswa
Lolokumanyako kunesisindvo lesiphandi, lokukwenta kutsi kulungele kukhanya kanye netimphandla letintofotelako. Inetintfo letinhle, lokwenta sigcine sifutfumele ngesikhatsi sasebusika phindze siphole ehlobo, kantsi futsi yindvwangu lecinile yendalo letfolakalako, lekungiko ke kutsi iphindze isetjentiselwe ekwakheni tintfo letifana nema parachutes kanye netinhlobo temabhayisikili.
Tintfo tesilk tinetintfo letite emagciwane kantsi futsi tisetjentiswa endzaweni yemitsi kwentela kuhamba kwengadi kanye naletinye tintfo kanye nekwelapha tilondza kanye nekusha.
Translated by Phindile Malotana